Author/Editor		Zupančič-Justin, Maja; Vrhovšek, Danijel; Stuhlbacher, Arnold; Bulc-Griessler, Tjaša
Title		Treatment of wastewater in hybrid constructed wetland from the production of vinegar and packaging of detergents
Type		članek
Source		Desalination
Publication year		2008
Language		eng
Abstract		The results are presented of a 2-year monitoring of the performance of a hybrid constructed wetland (CW), which was created for the treatment of very heterogeneous industrial wastewater (WW) in Slovenia. WW originated from the food-processing department responsible for the production of wine and apple vinegar and from the chemical department in which the packing of detergents and soaps takes place. The hydraulic variability of theWW was high due to the variable production intensity. Low degradability was found due to the remains of detergents in WW. The average efficiency for COD, BOD5, TOC, total organic N, nitrate-N, phosphate and anionic tensides removal was 67%, 66%, 64%, 83%, 83%, 62% and 67%, respectively. Special attention was given to the anionic tensides. Biodegradability and toxicity tests showed the worst results in samples with the highest concentrations of anionic tensides. During intensive vinegar production, the pH of WW was low. In spite of the compensation lagoon, the neutralisation of pH before the inflow into the CW was not always achieved. This presumably caused leaching of Fe from the substratum in the first beds of the CW and its precipitation into the last bed. The CW proved to have a higher pH buffering capacity compared to the open lagoon. In general, the CW verified the predicted results in the first 2 years of its operation. A further increase in efficiency can be achieved via the separate containment of WW with high concentrations of anionic tensides requiring longer degradation period and via the additional buffering of acid outflow from the vinegar production.
Descriptors		INDUSTRY SEWAGE WATER PURIFICATION PLANTS ACETIC ACID DETERGENTS