Author/Editor		Munih, M; Kralj, A
Title		Minimizing bending moments along the femur and tibia in standing
Type		članek
Source		In: Jaeger R, Bajd T, editors. Proceedings of the Ljubljana FES conference; 1993 Aug 22-25; Ljubljana. Ljubljana: Slovenian society of medical and biological engineering,
Publication year		1993
Volume		str. 93-9
Language		eng
Abstract		Normal, forward and backward standing postures of neurologically and orthopadically intact persons were measured in the laboratory. Coordinates of body markers, ground reaction force and moment data were imported into a 2-d musculo-tendino-skeletal model, which was used to determine muscle (tendon) forces and activity. Bio-mechanical system safety was incorporated in the modeling by minimazing the bending moment along the femur and tibia. The resultant bending moment consist of both gravitational and muscle components. Utilization of Pauwels minimazing criteria results in natural muscle activity, thus muscles are active synergistically in both the cocontraction and coactivation sense. As a result, the femur and tibia uniformly loaded regardless of posture.
Descriptors		POSTURE BIOMECHANICS FEMUR TIBIA MODELS, THEORETICAL