Author/Editor		Saletinger, Rajko
Title		Gripa povzročena z novim virusom A (H1N1)v
Translated title		Infection with influenza type A
Type		članek
Source		Med Mes
Vol. and No.		Letnik 5, št. 5/12
Publication year		2009
Volume		str. 133-6
Language		slo
Abstract		Influenza is acute, usually self-limited febrile illness caused by infection with influenza type A or B virus. One of the unique and most remarkable features of influenza virus is the frequency with which changes in antigenicity occur. A major antigenic shifts that herald pandemic influenza can occur only in influenza A virus. In March 2009 the outbreak with new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 was first observed in Mexico. After that a global spread of virus followed. The virus is spread from person-to-person. It is transmitted as easily as the normal seasonal flu. Clinical picture of infection caused by H1N1 is in majority of cases similar to those in seasonal flu. A number of different laboratory diagnostic tests can be used for detecting the presence of influenza viruses in respiratory specimens. In Slovenia the detection of influenza-specific RNA by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in nasal or throat swab is most commonly used. For the treatment of infections caused by H1N1 antiviral drugs from group of neu- raminidase inhibitors are available. The treatment with these drugs is recommended in patients with suspected or confirmed influenza who have a severe clinical picture. Early empiric treatment should also be considered for persons with suspected or confirmed influenza who are at higher risk for complications. The article also presents infection control measures in healthcare settings, including protection of healthcare personnel.
Summary		Gripa je akutno vročinsko obolenje, ki ga povzročata virusa influence A in B. Za viruse gripe je značilna antigenska nestabilnost. Večje antigenske spremembe, ki napovedujejo pandemično gripo, se pojavljajo le pri virusu influence A. Marca letos so sprva v Mehiki zabeležili izbruh epidemije z novim virusom gripe (H1N1)v, ki se je v kratkem razširil po vsem svetu. Virus se prenaša enako kot virusi sezonske gripe. Okužba, ki jo povzroča, pogosto poteka podobno kot običajna sezonska gripa. Za dokaz okužbe z virusom (H1N1)v imamo na voljo številne diagnostične metode. V Sloveniji najpogosteje uporabljamo metodo verižne reakcije s polimerazo z poprejšnjo reverzno transkripcijo (RT-PCR). S to metodo dokazujemo prisotnost virusne ribonukleinske kisline (RNA) v brisu nosu ali žrela. Težje potekajoče okužbe ter okužbe pri ogroženih skupinah bolnikov zdravimo z zdravili iz skupine zaviralcev nevraminidaze. V članku so predstavljeni tudi ukrepi za preprečevanje širjenja okužbe s (H1N1)v v zdravstvenih ustanovah, vključno z zaščito zdravstvenega osebja.