Author/Editor		Strojan-Fležar, Margareta
Title		Citopatološka diagnostika raka sečnega mehurja v urinu in izpirku iz sečnega mehurja
Translated title		Cytopathologic diagnosis of bladder cancer in urine and bladder washings
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 49, št. 1
Publication year		2010
Volume		str. 19-31
Language		slo
Abstract		The cytopathologic examination of urine and bladder washings is a simple method for the detection of primary bladder cancer in symptomatic patients or in patients with hematuria.This method is very useful for follow-up of patients after treatment in order to detect recurren ce ofbladder cancer, which occurs in a significant percentage of patients. Cytopathologic examination is very reliable for the diagnosis of high grade urothelial carcinoma, but it is less useful for the detection oflow grade urothelial neoplasms. Cells with obvious morphological signs of malignancy can be reliably recognised as such also in the case of intraepithelial urothelial carcinoma. However, as isolated malignant cells are involved, they cannot be reliably assessed concerning their invasive potential. The pro per handling and transport of urine or bladder washings, as well as standardised procedures in the cytopathology laboratory, are very important to achieve the best possible results of cytopathologic examination. In the last decade, several new methods have also emerged in attempt to improve the cytopathologic examination of bladder cancer in doubtful cases. Among these, the Uro Vysion test is the most promising one. By using the method of fluorescent in situ hybridisation, this test can detect several cytogenetic changes characteristic of bladder cancer of various grades.
Descriptors		BLADDER NEOPLASMS URINE PLOIDIES IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION, FLUORESCENCE