Author/Editor     Giegling, Ina; Drago, Antonio; Dolžan, Vita; Kores-Plesničar, Blanka; Schaefer, Martin; Hartmann, Annette M; Sander, Thomas; Toliat, Mohammad Reza; Moeller, Hans-Juergen; Stassen, Hans H
Title     Glutamatergic gene variants impact the clinical profile of efficacy and side effects of haloperidol
Type     članek
Source     Pharmacogenet Genomics
Vol. and No.     Letnik 21, št. 4
Publication year     2011
Volume     str. 206-16
Language     eng
Abstract     Background: The glutamatergic system may be relevant to the pathophysiology of psychosis and to the effects of antipsychotic treatments. Objectives: We investigated a set of 62 SNPs located in genes coding for subunits of glutamatergic receptors (GAD1, GRIA1, GRIA3, GRIA4, GRID2, GRIK1, GRIK2, GRIK3, GRIK4, GRIN2B, GRM1 and GRM4), and the transporter of glycine (SLC6A5), as modulators of the effects of haloperidol. Methods and results: We studied a sample of 101 acutely ill psychotic patients. We then validated our result in two independent samples from Slovenia (n=71 and n=118) of schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotics. We both investigated the antipsychotic effect (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and motor side effect (Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale) at baseline and days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. SLC6A5 variant (rs2298826) was found to be associated with a rapid rise of motor side effects at the beginning of the treatment (repeated measures of analysis of variance, P=0.0002), followed by a subsequent adaptation, probably dependent on haloperidol doses down titration. A specific effect was noted for dyskinetic symptoms. Haplotype analysis strengthened the relevance of SLC6A5: the C-A-C haplotype (rs1443548, rs883377, rs1945771) was found to be associated with higher Extrapyramidal symptom rating scale scores (overall P=0.01, haplotype P=0.000001). We successfully replicated this finding in the two independent samples from Slovenia. Conclusion: This result further stresses the relevance of the glutamatergic system in modulating the effects of haloperidol treatment, especially with regards to motor side effects.
Descriptors     SCHIZOPHRENIA
HALOPERIDOL
BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES
DYSKINESIA, DRUG-INDUCED
HAPLOTYPES
PHARMACOGENETICS
GLUTAMATES
GENOTYPE
TREATMENT OUTCOME