Author/Editor		Mlinar, B; Marc, J; Janež, A; Pfeifer, M
Title		Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and associated diseases
Type		članek
Source		Clin Chim Acta
Vol. and No.		Letnik 375, št. 1-2
Publication year		2007
Volume		str. 20-35
Language		eng
Abstract		Insulin resistance is a state in which higher than normal concentrations of insulin are required for normal response. The most common underlying cause is central obesity, although primary insulin resistance in normal-weight individuals is also possible. Excess abdominal adipose tissue has been shown to release increased amounts of free fatty acids which directly affect insulin signalling, diminish glucose uptake in muscle, drive exaggerated triglyceride synthesis and induce gluconeogenesis in the liver. Other factors presumed to play the role in insulin resistance are tumour necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6 and some other adipokines. Hyperinsulinaemia which accompanies insulin resistance may be implicated in the development of many pathological states, such as hypertension and hyperandrogenaemia. Insulin resistance underlies metabolic syndrome and is further associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and lipodystrophies. When beta-cells fail to secrete the excess insulin needed, diabetes mellitus type 2 emerges, which is, besides coronary heart disease, the main complication of insulin resistance and associated diseases.
Descriptors		INSULIN RESISTANCE LIPODYSTROPHY OBESITY POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME ANIMALS