| Abstract | | The human organism is exposed to the influence of various forms of stress, either physical, psychological or chemical, which all have in common that they may adversely affect our body. A certain amount of stress is always present and somehow directs, promotes or inhibits the functioning of the human body. Unfortunately, we are now too many and too often exposed to excessive stress, which certainly has adverse consequences. This is especially true for a particular type of stress, called oxidative stress. All aerobic organisms are exposed to this type of stress because they produce energy by using oxygen. For this type of stress you could say that it is rather imperceptibly involved in our lives, as it becomes apparent only at the outbreak of certain diseases. Today we are well aware of the adverse impact of radicals, whose surplus is the main cause of oxidative stress. However, the key problem remains the detection of oxidative stress, which would allow us to undertake timely action and prevent outbreak of many diseases of our time. There are many factors that promote oxidative stress, among them are certainly a fast lifestyle and environmental pollution. The increase in oxidative stress can also trigger intense physical activity that is directly associated with an increased oxygen consumption and the resulting formation of free radicals. Considering generally positive attitude to physical activity, this fact may seem at first glance contradictory, but the finding has been confimed by several studies in active athletes. Training of atop athlete daily demands great physical effort, which is also reflected in the oxidative state of the organism. However, it should be noted that the top athletes in comparison with normal individuals have a different defense system, which can counteract the negative effects of oxidative stress. Quite the opposite is true for irregular or excessive physical activity to which thebody is not adapted.
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| Summary | | Izvleček: Človeški organizem je izpostavljen vplivom različnih oblik stresa, tako fizičnega, psihičnega ali kemičnega, vsem pa je skupno, da lahko negativno vplivajo na naš organizem. Določena količina stresa je vedno prisotna in nekako usmerja, pospešuje ali zavira delovanje človeškega telesa. Žal pa smo dandanes preveč in prepogosto izpostavljeni čezmernemu stresu, kar ima zagotovo škodljive posledice. To velja tudi za posebno vrsto stresa, ki jo imenujemo oksidativni stres. Tej obliki stresa so zaradi pridobivanja energije s pomočjo kisika izpostavljeni vsi aerobni organizmi. Za tovrstni stres bi lahko rekli, da je prav nevidno vpleten v naše življenje, saj opozori nase šele ob izbruhu določenih bolezni. Škodljivega vpliva radikalov, katerih presežek predstavlja glavni razlog za oksidativni stres, se danes že dobro zavedamo. Vendar pa pri tem ostaja ključni problem zaznavanja oksidativnega stresa, kar bi nam omogočilo pravočasno ukrepanje in preprečilo izbruh mnogokatere bolezni današnjega časa. Dejavnikov, ki pospešujejo oksidativni stres, je namreč veliko, mednje prav gotovo sodi hiter življenjski slog in onesnaženost okolja. Povečanje oksidativnega stresa pa lahko sproži tudi intenzivna telesna dejavnost, pri kateri v večjem obsegu potekajo oksidativni procesi v organizmu s posledičnim povečanim nastajanjem reaktivnih kisikovih spojin. Morda se zdi to dejstvo ob splošnem zagovarjanju gibanja na prvi pogled protislovno, vendar to potrjujejo različne raziskave pri aktivnih športnikih. Trening vrhunskega športnika namreč vsakodnevno vključuje izjemen telesni napor, ki se zrcali tudi na oksidativnem stanju organizma. Vendar pa je pri tem potrebno upoštevati, da imajo vrhunski športniki v primerjavi z običajnimi posamezniki spodbujen obrambni sistem, ki lahko ustrezno uravnava negativne posledice oksidativnega stresa. Ravno nasprotno pa velja za neredno ali pretirano telesno dejavnost, na katero telo ni prilagojeno.
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