Author/Editor		Vodovnik, A; Ferluga, D; Mašera, A; Ovčak, Z
Title		Urotelni karcinom ledvičnega meha in karcinogeneza pri bolnikih z Balkansko endemsko nefropatijo
Translated title		Urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis and carcinogenesis in patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy
Type		članek
Source		In: Mašera A, editor. Tumorji ledvic. 25. memorialni sestanek profesorja Janeza Plečnika z mednarodno udeležbo; 1994 dec 1-2; Ljubljana. Ljubljana: Medicinska fakulteta, Inštitut za patologijo,
Publication year		1994
Volume		str. 55-66
Language		slo
Abstract		There are two models of carcinogenesis in the urinary tract which dominate in both human and experimental pathology. The most common is tlie papillary transitional cell carcinoma (in our material over 95 percent), which arises as a primary solitary disease and most frequently in the urinary bladder (in our material over 90 percent). The urinary bladder carcinoma is the eighth most frequent carcinoma in men. Aniline dye, tobacco smoking, HPV infection, and immune deficiency are among possible aetiological factors. The second model is represented by simultaneosly developing chronic progressive kidney disease and papillary transitional cell carcinoma (over 90 percent) in the upper urinary treat (over 95 percent). Renal pelvis and ureteral carcinoma are frequently multifocal and bilateral also. This model has been represented in human pathology by the Balkan endemic nephropathy and analgesic nephropathy as well as by recently described Chinese herbs nephropathy. Besides analgesics, particularly phenacetine, some other aetiological factors have to be considered, especially those with simultaneous expression of toxic effect to the kidney and carcinogenic to the urothelium. Such effects of ochratoxin A, aristolochic acid, coronaviruses, and polyomavirus BK are discussed in this paper.
Descriptors		KIDNEY NEOPLASMS BALKAN NEPHROPATHY PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS BLADDER NEOPLASMS URETERAL NEOPLASMS