Author/Editor		Mičetić-Turk, Dušanka; Dolinšek, Jernej; Puklavec, Evelin; Šikić Pogačar, Maja
Title		Sodobne smernice prehrane dojenčkov
Translated title		Contemporary infant nutrition guidelines
Type		članek
Source		In: Tuberkuloza otrok - čas za nove smernice? Samopoškodovalno vedenje in depresija pri otrocih in mladostnikih Novosti v pediatrični gastroenterologiji : zbornik predavanj Maribor : Univerzitetni klinični center
Publication year		2012
Volume		str. 99-103
Language		slv
Abstract		V prvih 6 mesecih življenja priporočamo izključno ali polno dojenje, dragoceno je tudi delno dojenje. Mešano ali komplementarno prehrano (tj. čvrsto hrano in tekočine, ki niso materino mleko ali mlečni pripravki) uvajamo med 17. in 26. tednom. Matere spodbujamo, naj tudi po uvedbi mešane prehrane z dojenjem nadaljujejo tako dolgo, kot to zmorejo in želijo same ter zlasti njihov otrok. Ni prepričljivih znanstvenih dokazov, da bi izogibanje ali poznejše uvajanje potencialno alergenih živil, kot so npr. ribe in jajca, zmanjšala pojavnost alergij pri otrocih, ki imajo večje tveganje za razvoj alergijskih bolezni, ali pri otrocih brez večjega tveganja. Z mešano prehrano zagotavljamo zadostno količino biološko razpoložljivega železa, saj materino mleko, še bolj pa kravje, vsebujeta premalo železa. Zato kravje mleko kot glavni napitek priporočamo šele po prvem letu starosti, čeprav lahko majhne količine kravjega mleka dopolnilni prehrani dodajamo že prej. Uvajanje glutena ni smiselno pred 4. mesecem starosti in ne po 7. mesecu, uvajamo pa ga postopno, ko se otrok še doji. Na ta način zmanjšamo tveganje za razvoj celiakije, sladkorne bolezni tipa 1 in alergije na pšenico. Dojenčkom in otrokom, ki se hranijo vegetarijansko, priporočamo zadostno količino mleka (materino mleko ali mlečni pripravek ali mlečni izdelki), tj. približno 500 ml na dan. Veganska prehrana za dojenčke in majhne otroke ni primerna. V članku opisujemo zdravstvene koristi, ki jih prinaša dojenje, in raziskave, na katerih temeljijo posodobljene prehranske smernice.Exclusive or full breast-feeding for about 6 months is recommended. Complementary feeding (ie, solid foods and liquids other than breast milk or infant formula and followon formula) should not be introduced before 17 weeks and not later than 26 weeks. Continuation of breastfeeding after the introduction of complementary feeding is encouraged as long as mutually desired by mother and child. There is no convincing scientific evidence that avoidance or delayed introduction of potentially allergenic foods, such as fish and eggs, reduces allergies, either in infants considered at increased risk for the development of allergy or in those not considered to be at increased risk. Complementary feeding should provide sufficient quantity of bioavailable iron. Human milk as well as cow¼s milk is a poor source of iron. For that reason, cow¼s milk should not be used as the main drink before 12 months. It is prudent to avoid both early (<4 months) and late (>7 months) introduction of gluten. Gluten should be gradually introduced while the infantis still breast-fed. In that way the risk for development of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and wheat allergy may be reduced. Infants and young children consuming a vegetarian diet should daily receive approx. 500 ml of breast milk or milk formula and dairy products. Vegan diet for infants and young children should avoided. This article descibes the health benefits of breast-feeding as well as scientific evidence used for the development of guidelines.
Descriptors		Infant Food Dojenček, hrana Breast Feeding Dojenje Guidelines Smernice