| Author/Editor | Jeverica, Samo; Golparian, Daniel; Matičič, Mojca; Potočnik, Marko; Mlakar, Boštjan; Unemo, Magnus | |
| Title | Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Slovenia, 2006-12 | |
| Type | članek | |
| Vol. and No. | Letnik 69, št. 6 | |
| Publication year | 2014 | |
| Volume | str. 1517-1525 | |
| ISSN | 0305-7453 - The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy | |
| Language | eng | |
| Abstract | Objectives To determine the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates obtained between 2006 and 2012 in Slovenia. Methods Gonococcal isolates obtained between 2006 and 2012 in Slovenia (n=194) were investigated with Etest for susceptibility to cefixime, ceftriaxone, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin and spectinomycin. All isolates were examined with N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing for molecular epidemiology and sequencing of the major extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance determinants (penA, mtrR and penB) was performed. Results The overall prevalence of decreased susceptibility or resistance to cefixime and ceftriaxone (MIC >-0.125 mg/L) was 11% and 5%, respectively. The decreased susceptibility or resistance showed an epidemic peak in 2011 (33% for cefixime and 11% for ceftriaxone), decreasing to 6% and 4%, respectively, in 2012. ST1407 (9% of isolates), ST21 (6%) and ST225 (6%) were the most common sequence types (STs) during 2006-12. Genogroup G1407 (ST1407 most prevalent ST), an internationally spread clone with decreased susceptibility or resistance to ESCs, was most prevalent (48%) in 2009. However, the G1407 prevalence then declined: in 2010, 30%; in 2011, 28%; and in 2012, 8%. Instead, in 2012 the ESC- and ciprofloxacin-susceptible G21 was the predominant genogroup (26%). Conclusions The prevalence of gonococcal resistance to ESCs in Slovenia has been high, but fluctuating. Fortunately, in 2012 some ESC- and ciprofloxacin-susceptible clones, such as genogroups G21, G1195 and G2992, appeared to have mainly replaced the multidrug-resistant G1407 clone, a replacement also seen in several European countries. | |
| Keywords | Neisseria gonorrhoeae extended-spectrum cephalosporins antimicrobial resistance Neisseria gonorrhoeae cefalosporine razširjenega spektra protimikrobna odpornost |