Author/Editor		Montana, Vedrana; Verkhratsky, Alexei; Parpura, Vladimir
Title		Pathological role for exocytotic glutamate release from astrocytes in hepatic encephalopathy
Type		članek
Vol. and No.		Letnik 12, št. 4
Publication year		2014
Volume		str. 324-333
ISSN		1570-159X - Current neuropharmacology
Language		eng
Abstract		Liver failure can lead to generalized hyperammonemia, which is thought to be the underlying cause of hepatic encephalopathy. This neuropsychiatric syndrome is accompanied by functional changes of astrocytes. These glial cells enter ammonia-induced self-amplifying cycle characterized by brain oedema, oxidative and osmotic stress that causes modification of proteins and RNA. Consequently, protein expression and function are affected, including that of glutamine synthetase and plasmalemmal glutamate transporters, leading to glutamate excitotoxicity; Ca(2+)-dependent exocytotic glutamate release from astrocytes contributes to this extracellular glutamate overload.
Keywords		hepatic encephalopathy exocytosis astrocytes jetrna encefalopatija eksocitoza astrociti