Author/Editor		Videtič Paska, Alja; Hudler, Petra
Title		Aberrant methylation patterns in cancer
Type		članek
Vol. and No.		Letnik 25, št. 2
Publication year		2015
Volume		str. 161-176
ISSN		1330-0962 - Biochemia medica : casopis Hrvatskoga drustva medicinskih biokemicara / HDMB
Language		eng
Abstract		Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins affecting nucleosome remodelling, and regulation by small and large non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) work in concert with cis and trans acting elements to drive appropriate gene expression. Advances in detection methods and development of dedicated platforms and methylation arrays resulted in an explo - sion of information on aberrantly methylated sequences linking deviations in epigenetic landscape with the initiation and progression of complex diseases. Here, we consider how DNA methylation changes in malignancies, such as breast, pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancer could be explo - ited for the purpose of developing specific diagnostic tools. DNA methylation changes can be applicable as biomarkers for detection of malignant disease in easily accessible tissues. Methylation signatures are already proving to be an important marker for determination of drug sensitivity. Even more, promoter methylation patterns of some genes, such as MGMT, SHOX2 , and SEPT9 , have already been translated into commercial clinical assays aiding in patient assessment as adjunct diagnostic tools. In conclusion, the changes in DNA methylation patterns in tumour cells are slowly gaining entrance into routine diagnostic tests as promising biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets.
Keywords		biomarkers molecular diagnostics epigenetics biomarkerji molekularna diagnostika epigenetika