Author/Editor     Marčun-Varda, Nataša
Title     Vloga vitamina D pri otrocih
Translated title     The role of vitamin D in children
Type     članek
Source     In: Monografija IV. osteoloških dnevov z mednarodno udeležbo Maribor : Univerzitetni klinični center
Publication year     2013
Volume     str. 209-220
Language     slv
Abstract     Pomen vitamina D za metabolizem kalcija in fosfata in metabolizem kosti ter za rast in razvoj otrok poznamo že dolgo. V zadnjih letih je vedno več dokazov tudi za njegove nekalcemične učinke kot so preventiva srčnožilnih bolezni in nekaterih vrst raka, zaščita ledvic, protivnetni in imunomodulatorni učinki. V številnih raziskavah so dokazali tudi, da imajo tako zdravi otroci kot rizične skupine otrok pogosto nezadostno raven vitamina D v krvi ali celo pomanjkanje s pojavom rahitisa. Vzroka za to naj bi bila izogibanje sončnim žarkom, ki so potrebni za njegovo sintezo v koži, in uživanje hrane, ki ga večinoma ne vsebuje. V članku na kratko predstavljamo biološke učinke vitamina D in trenutne smernice strokovnih združenj o njegovem primernem vnosu in dodajanju, tako za zdravo populacijo otrok kot za rizične skupine, kot so otroci s kronično ledvično boleznijo. Aktualne slovenske smernice za vse starostne skupine zdravih otrok priporočajo vnos 400 internacionalnih enot vitamina D dnevno. Nekatere zadnje raziskave kažejo, da bi bili priporočeni odmerki, ki sedaj upoštevajo predvsem vpliv na kostno zdravje, v prihodnosti lahko celo nekoliko višji. Za dokončen odgovor o optimalnem vnosu vitamina D pri otrocih, njegovi učinkovitosti, potencialni toksičnosti in varnostnem profilu potrebujemo nove dobro zastavljene prospektivne raziskave.The importance of vitamin D for calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone metabolism as well as for growth and development of children is well known for many years. In recent years, there has been growing evidence of its non-calcaemic effects such as prevention of cardiovascular disease and some common cancers, renoprotection, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In numerous studies performed in both healthy children and children at risk for vitamin D deficiency insufficient levels of vitamin D or even itsdeficiency with clinical signs of rickets have been established. Reasons forthat have been found to be avoidance of sunshine exposure, important for itscutaneous synthesis, and limited dietary sources of vitamin D. In this review article biological actions of vitamin D as well as guidelines of expert societies on its adequate intake and substitution are shortly presented, for both healthy children and children at risk for its deficiency such as children with chronic renal disease. According to current Slovenian guidelines 400 international units of vitamin D daily for all age groups of healthy children is recommended. At present, some recent studies indicate that recommended daily intake of vitamin D, currently targeting mostly bone health, might have been somewhat higher in future. For definite answer additional well-designed prospective studies are needed evaluating the optimal dose of vitamin D in children, its effectiveness, potential toxicity and safety profile.
Keywords     vitamin D, pomanjkanje
priporočeni vnos
kronična ledvična bolezen
otrok
vitamin D, deficiency
recommended intake
chronic kidney disease
child