Author/Editor		Kobentar, Radojka; Kogoj, Aleš; Zorc-Maver, Darja; Skela-Savič, Brigita
Title		Ocena samostojnosti stanovalcev, obolelih z demenco, pri zadovoljevanju temeljnih življenjskih potreb v domovih starejših v Ljubljani
Type		članek
Vol. and No.		Letnik 84, št. 7
Publication year		2015
Volume		str. 544-553
ISSN		1581-0224 - Zdravniški vestnik
Language		slv
Abstract		Teoretično izhodišče: Zelo visok delež stanovalcev v domovih za starejše s klinično sliko demence vpliva na samostojnost obolelega posameznika. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti stopnje samostojnosti stanovalcev pri izvajanju temeljnih življenjskih dejavnostih. Metoda: Empirična raziskava je zajela 233 stanovalcev obeh spolov s klinično diagnozo demenca, starih nad 65 let, ki so bili najmanj eno leto pred raziskavo nastanjeni v enem od štirih domov starejših v Ljubljani. Samostojnost pri izvajanju 11 temeljnih življenjskih dejavnosti smo izmerili s tristopenjsko lestvico, kognitivne sposobnosti pa s Kratkim preizkusom spoznavnih sposobnosti (KPSS). Podatki so obdelani s SPSS različice 13.00 ter metodami deskriptivne statistike ter za statistično pojasnitev raziskovalnih vprašanj s testom hi-kvadrat. Stopnja statistične značilnosti znaša p = 0,05. Rezultati: Raziskani vzorec populacije kaže visok kognitivni upad, izmerjen s točkami KPSS, saj je v srednjem stadiju 50,2 % oseb doseglo 24-11 točk, v poznem stadiju je 43,4 % doseglo 10-0 točk na KPSS (od 30 možnih). V začetnem stadiju je 29-25 točk doseglo le 6,4 % oseb. Pomembne ugotovitve raziskave kažejo na visoko popolno odvisnost pri izvajanju vseh 11 življenjskih dejavnosti (59,7-74,2 %) na tristopenjski lestvici (1 pomeni samostojen, 2 delno odvisen ter 3 popolnoma odvisen). Zaključki: Stanovalci preiskovanih domov, oboleli z demenco, kažejo visoko stopnjo odvisnosti pri izvajanju temeljnih življenjskih dejavnosti. Rezultati raziskave tako nudijo statistično utemeljena izhodišča za pripravo programov za načrtovano vključevanje stanovalcev v psihosocialne dejavnosti z urjenjem dejavnosti samooskrbe pri izvajanju temeljnih življenjskih dejavnosti.Background: Obviously, a very high proportion of nursing home residents present with clinical signs of dementia, which affect the independence of the impaired individual. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of independence of the residents in performing basic life activities. Methods: The research included 233 residents of both genders with a clinical diagnosis of dementia, aged 65 years and over, who had resided in one of the four Ljubljana municipality nursing homes for at least one year prior to the begin of the study. The autonomy in carrying out 11 basic live activities was measured on a three-level scale and their cognitive skills by a quick test of cognitive abilities (KPSS). The data were processed by means of SPSS, ver. 13.0 and methods of descriptive statistics; chi-square test was used for the statistic argumentation of research questions. The level of statistical significance was calculated at p = 0.05. Results: The study population sample showed a high cognitive decline measured on the KPSS scale, as 50.2 % of subjects in mid-stage reached 24-11 points and 43.4 % of those in the late-stage reached 10-0 points on a 30-point scale. Only 6.4 % of the examined population in the early stage reached 29-25 points. The significant findings may thus indicate a high overall entire dependency on the implementation of all 11 life activities (59.7-74.2 %) on the three-level scale (1 being self-sufficient, 2 and 3 standing for partially dependent and entirely dependent, respectively). Conclusions: The examined nursing home residents in the sample, suffering from demen tia, show a high degree of dependency in performing basic life activities. The survey results so far present a starting point for the planning of programmes for increasing involvement of residents' involvement in psychosocial activities through practical exercises of self-sufficiency in the implementation of basic life activities.
Keywords		gerontološka znanja zdravstvena nega starostnika klinični mentorji študentje gerontological knowledge nursing of older people clinical mentors students