Author/Editor     Radšel-Medvešček, A; Matičič, M
Title     Spolno prenosljivi herpesvirusi
Translated title     Sexually transmitted herpesvirus diseases
Type     članek
Source     Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.     Letnik 64, št. 4
Publication year     1995
Volume     str. 215-21
Language     slo
Abstract     Background. Sexual transmission is a common mode of spreading of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2 and cytomegalovirus infections. In the last few years the incidence of herpesvirus infections has been increasing worldwide which presents a major problem in health care. Genital herpes is characterised by vesicles. They are painful and may crode, pustulate or exulcerate. In men they mostly appear on glans penis, whereas in women they are usually present on vulva, perineum, gluteal region, cervix or vagina. Primary genital herpes is accompanied by general signs and symptoms and may affect many anatomic regions. It lasts from 3 to 4 weeks. During the course of illness many complications may occur. After primary infection, herpesviruses remain hidden in neural ganglia. They may reactivate and trigger a relapse, less severe and shorter in duration. The patients themselves, their families and sexual lives are tremendoulsy affected by several relapses and chronical mode of their infection. Acyclovir is an effective therapy for clinical symptoms. When used in prevention, it reduces the number of relapses and makes the course of illness mild. Cytomegalovirus infection can be congenital or acquired. It is mostly asymptomatic; sometimes it may be expressed by clinically nonsignificant signs; sometimes it may be similar to infectious mononucleosis; rarely it is a serious cytomegalovirus disease with multiorgan affection. Cytomegalovirus infection can cause partus praecox. Conclusions. Efficient therapy has not yet been established. Foscarnet and gancyclovir have been just partly effective. So far, a safe vaccine has not yet been developed. The only way to fight cytomegalovirus infection is prevention by practicing good hygiene.
Summary     Izhodišča. Spolni prenos je zelo pomemben način širjenja okužb z virusom herpesa simpleksa tip 1, virusom herpesa simpleksa tip 2 in z citomegalovirusi. Okužbe z herpesvirusi so v zadnjih letih povsod po svetu v porastu in predstavljajo velik zdravstveni problem. Za genitalni herpes je značilno pojavljanje mehurčkov. Mehurčki so zelo boleči in lahko erodirajo, pustulirajo ali eksulcerirajo. Pri moškem se najpogosteje pojavijo na glansu penisa, pri ženskah na vulvi, perineju, glutealni regiji, materničnem vratu ali nožnici. Primarni genitalni herpes spremljajo splošni simptomi in znaki in bolezen lahko prizadene več anatomskih predelov, traja 3 do 4 tedne; v poteku bolezni se lahko pojavljajo številni zapleti. Po primarni okužbi ostanejo herpes virusi prikriti v živčnih ganglijih. Včasih se ponovno aktivirajo in povzročajo ponovna pojavljanja bolezni, ki potekajo z blažjimi kliničnimi simptomi in znaki in trajajo krajši čas. Pogosta ponavljanja bolezni, kronični potek okužbe zelo prizadenejo bolnika in njegovo družinsko in spolno življenje. ženam v rodnem obdobju povzroča možnost prenosa okužbe na plod in novorojenca posebno veliko skrb. Aciklovir je učinkovit v zdravljenju kliničnih simptomov bolezni. Preventivna uporaba aciklovirja zmanjša število ponavljanj okužb in jih omili. Prirojena citomegalovirusna okužba je večinoma asimptomatska. Pojavijo se lahko le klinično nepomembni simptomi in znaki bolezni ali tudi huda oblika s prizadetostjo več organov. Citomegalovirusna okužba redkokdaj sproži prezgodnji porod. Pridobljena citomegalovirusna okužba poteka večinoma asimptomatsko ali podobno infekcijski mononukleozi. Zaključki. Učinkovitega zdravila še ne poznamo, delno sta učinkovita foskarnet in ganciklovir. Zaenkrat tudi še ni varnega cepiva. Edini način boja proti okužbi so enostavne higienske metode.
Descriptors     SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, VIRAL
HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN
HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
HERPES SIMPLEX
HERPES GENITALIS
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS