Author/Editor		Gruškovnjak, Š; Levačić-Turk, Z; Šamu, J; Temlin, G
Title		Pesticidi in zdravje v Pomurju
Translated title		Pesticides and health in Pomurje
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 64, št. 5
Publication year		1995
Volume		str. 261-5
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. Pomurje is the most agricultural region of Republic of Slovenia. That is why in Pomurje there is probably the greatest employment of pesticides or phytopharmaceutical agents for plant protection. Since the pesticides were gradually introduced also in Slovenia after the Second World War we were and we have still been interested in the influence of these dangerous poisons upon the health of people in our midst. Methods. We made five questionnaires for five population groups of Pomurje. The first three groups comprise dealers of pesticides, tractor drivers or workers on farms who work in groups for plant protection. As regards the farmers we were primarily interested in their contact with pesticides. In the other two groups - pregnant women and ordinary families - we were interested in their nutrition. Results. Samples taken from the soil and cultivable plants prooved the permissible concentration of pesticides in 96 percent. Also in all taken food samples of animal origin the pesticides did not exceed the obligatory standards. However, only in drinking water the concentration of the pesticides has exceeded the permissible value in the last few years. The permissible concentration of the pesticides in drinking water is 0.1 microgram/liter of drinking water according to EU-Regulations and 2.0 microgram/liter of drinking water according to WHO-Regulations. In Pomurje, however, this value has been exceeded to 2.22 microgram/liter of drinking water (Rankovci 1991). Farmers had and have had an intensive contact with pesticides. They apply them without any professional knowledge and do not know how to handle correctly the rests of spray stuffs and packing. 87 percent of farmers do not use any personal protection. 92 percent of dealers of pesticides get into contact with pesticides also at home when working on their private land.(trunc.)
Summary		Izhodišča. Pomurje je najbolj agrarno območje Republike Slovenije. Zato je uporaba pesticidov ali fitofarmacevtskih sredstev za varstvo rastlin verjetno največja. Ker smo pesticide po drugi svetovni vojni postopoma uvajali v varstvu rastlin tudi pri nas, nas je zanimalo in nas še zanima, kako ti hudi strupi vplivajo na zdravje ljudi v naši sredini. Metode. Izdelali smo pet anketnih listov za pet skupin pomurskega prebivalstva. Pri prvih treh skupinah, to je pri prodajalcih pesticidov, traktoristih ali delavcih na kmetijskih posestvih, ki delajo v skupinah za varstvo rastlin, in pri kmetih, nas je zanimal predvsem stik s pesticidi. Pri drugih dveh skupinah, pri nosečnicah in običajnih družinah, pa nas je zanimalo prehranjevanje. Rezultati. V zadnjih petih letih so bili v vzetih vzorcih tal in kulturnih rastlin pesticidi v 96 odst. pod dopustno mejo. Tudi v živilih živalskega izvora so bili pesticidi v vseh odvzetih vzorcih pod predpisanimi normativi. Le v pitni vodi so pesticidi v zadnjih letih presegli dopustno mejo. Dopustna meja vsebnosti pesticidov v pitni vodi Evropske unije je 0,1 mikrograma na liter vode in Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije 2,0 mikrograma na liter vode. Pri nas pa je v letu 1991 dosegla skupna vrednost pesticidov 2,22 mikrograma na liter pitne vode (Rankovci). Kmečki ljudje so imeli in imajo intenziven stik s pesticidi. Uporabljajo jih brez zadostnega strokovnega znanja. 87 odst. kmetov ni uporabljalo osebnih zaščitnih sredstev. 92 odst. prodajalcev pesticidov je prihajalo v stik s pesticidi še doma pri delu na svojih obdelovalnih površinah. Od delavcev na kmetijskih posestvih, ki so delali v ekipah za varstvo rastlin in so bili dodatno poučeni o varstvu pri delu s kemičnimi sredstvi, je le polovica uporabljala osebna zaščitna sredstva. Zdravstvene težave po škropljenju so imeli največ kmetje (22,8 odst.). Kmetje, ki so obdelovali več kot 11 ha obdelovalnih površin, pa so imeli zdravstvene težave v večjem številu (33,9 odst.).(krajš.)
Descriptors		PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINATION OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE QUESTIONNAIRES PROTECTIVE DEVICES