Author/Editor		Klančar, Gašper; Grošelj, Urh; Kovač, Jernej; Bratanič, Nevenka; Bratina, Nataša; Trebušak Podkrajšek, Katarina; Battelino, Tadej
Title		Universal screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in children
Type		članek
Vol. and No.		Letnik 66, št. 11
Publication year		2015
Volume		str. 1250-1257
ISSN		0735-1097 - Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC)
Language		eng
Abstract		Background: Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who are untreated have up to 100-fold elevated risk for cardiovascular complications compared with those who are unaffected. Data for identification of FH with a universal screening for hypercholesterolemia in children are lacking. Objectives: This study sought genetic identification of FH from a cohort of children with elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration, detected in a national universal screening for hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Slovenian children born between 1989 and 2009 (n = 272) with TC >6 mmol/l (231.7 mg/dl) or >5 mmol/l (193.1 mg/dl) plus a family history positive for premature cardiovascular complications, identified in a national universal screening for hypercholesterolemia at 5 years of age were genotyped for variants in LDLR, PCSK9, APOB, and APOE. Results: Of the referred children, 57.0% carried disease-causing variants for FH: 38.6% in LDLR, 18.4% in APOB, and none in PCSK9. Nine novel disease-causing variants were identified, 8 in LDLR, and 1 in APOB. Of the remaining participants, 43.6% carried the APOE E4 isoform. Estimated detection rate of FH in the universal screening program from 2009 to 2013 was 53.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.5% to 72.8%), peaking in 2013 with an upper estimated detection rate of 96.3%. Variants in LDLR, APOB, or the APOE E4 isoform occurred in 48.6%, 60.0%, and 76.5%, respectively, of patients with a family history negative for cardiovascular complications. Conclusions: Most participants who were referred from a national database of universal screening results for hypercholesterolemia had genetically confirmed FH. Data for family history may not suffice for reliable identification of patients through selective and cascade screening.
Keywords		cholesterol familial hypercholesterolemia children holesterol družinska hiperholesterolemija otroci