Author/Editor		Bizjak, Mojca; Selmi, Carlo; Praprotnik, Sonja; Bruck, Or; Perricone, Carlo; Ehrenfeld, Michael; Shoenfeld, Yehuda
Title		Silicone implants and lymphoma
Type		članek
Publication year		2015
Volume		str. 1-10
ISSN		0896-8411 - Journal of autoimmunity
Language		eng
Abstract		The risk of hematological malignancies is mainly determined by genetic background, age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic location, exposure to certain chemicals and radiation; along with the more recently proposed immune factors such as chronic inflammation, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and infections. Paradigmatic examples include the development of lymphoma in Sj%ogren's syndrome and Hashimoto thyroiditis, gastric MALT lymphoma in Helicobacter pylori infection, or lymphomas associated with infections by EpsteineBarr virus, human herpes virus 8 (HHV 8) and leukemia/lymphoma virus 1 (HTLV-1). A growing number of reports indicates an increased risk of lymphoma, particularly of the anaplastic large cell (ALCL) type. The implants, specifically those used in the past, elicit chronic stimulation of the immune system against the prosthetic material. This is particularly the case in genetically susceptible hosts. We suggest that polyclonal activation may result in monoclonality in those at risk hosts, ultimately leading to lymphoma. We suggest that patients with an inflammatory response against silicone implants be monitored carefully.
Keywords		breast implant chronic immune system stimulation adjuvant lymphoma Sjogren's syndrome