Author/Editor		Kotnik, V; Kirschfink, M
Title		Kako spoznati motnje v delovanju komplementnega sistema?
Translated title		How to detect defects in function of the complement system?
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 64, št. 6
Publication year		1995
Volume		str. 335-43
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. From the phylogenetic point of view the complement system is an old mode of unspecific defense system occurring in very primitive animals like Crustacea. First assumptions of its presence are dated back to Assirian scripts, but scientifically it was proven at the end of the 19 th century. Today the testing of its activity is of crucial importance for understanding the origin, course and prognosis of several severe diseases. Methods. The authors searched for some valuable articles with uncomplicated, but clear description of known facts on the activation and activity of the complement system, its link to diseases and ways of detection of alterations pathognomonic for them. Results. The material from the literature was implemented with authors own experience in the field, as well as with proposals important for physicians for their daily work with patients. With comprehensive tables and graphs, they wish to help planing complement diagnostics and interpretation of the laboratory findings. Importance of correct sampling and fast transport of clinical material to the laboratory is stressed out. Conclusions. The complement system is activated via two pathways: the alternative way, which is activated immediately after infection and is very quick mode of unspecific defense and, the classical way, which is activated much later, when the immune response with synthesis of specific antibodies already occurs. Pathologic alterations in the activity of the complement system may be the consequence of hereditary or acquired defects in the system. Some components may not be produced or are ineffective, but the most frequent causes are diseases in which with an unregulated activation consequently alters normal quantities or proportions between distinct components and degradation products. The patients treatment protocols depend on laboratory findings.(trunc.)
Summary		Izhodišča. Komplementni sistem je s filogenetskega vidika star način obrambe pred povzročitelji okužb. O njegovem obstoju govorijo že stara poročila iz dobe Asircev, vendar so ga znanstveno pričeli proučevati šele ob koncu prejšnjega stoletja. Danes je ugotavljanje aktivnosti in aktiviranosti tega sistema ključno pri razumevanju nastanka, poteka in prognoze določenih bolezni. Metode. Avtorja sta pregledala ključne članke, ki omogočajo najenostavnejšo in najbolj pregledno razvrstitev znanih dejstev v opis dejavnosti komplementnega sistema, njegovo povezanostjo z boleznimi in načine za ugotavljanje sprememb, ki so do določene mere patognomonične zanje. Rezultati. Snov iz člankov sta oplemenitila s svojimi izkušnjami in predlogi, ki naj bodo vodilo zdravnikom pri odločanju o potrebnosti preiskovanja dejavnosti komplementnega sistema pri konkretnih bolnikih. V tabelah in s slikami poskušata pomagati pri načrtovanju diagnostike in pri interpretaciji laboratorijskih izvidov. Posebej poudarjata pomembnost pravilnega odvzema vzorcev in še bolj pravilnega in hitrega prenosa materiala do laboratorija. Zaključki. Komplementni sistem se aktivira po dveh poteh, po alternativni poti, ki se sproži takoj po vdoru povzročitelja bolezni v telo in tako predstavlja takojšnjo obrambo, podobno kot npr. naravne pregrade, in po klasični poti, ki se aktivira potem, ko so nastala specifična protitelesa. Spremembe v dejavnosti komplementnega sistema so lahko posledica prirojenih ali pridobljenih okvar posameznih sestavin. Med boleznijo se komplementni sistem pogosto aktivira, posledica pa so spremenjena razmerja med sestavinami in razpadnimi proizvodi. Od tega, kako je prišlo do sprememb, ki so razvidne iz izvida, je odvisen način zdravljenja določenega bolnika. Da pa bi to lahko iz izvida razbrali, je treba razumeti načine aktivacije in potek aktivacije komplementnega sistema v podrobnosti.
Descriptors		COMPLEMENT COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION