Author/Editor		Bele, Uroš; Kelc, Robi
Title		Upper and lower urinary tract endoscopy training on Thiel-embalmed cadavers
Type		članek
Vol. and No.		, št. Vol. 93
Publication year		2016
Volume		str. 27-31
ISSN		0090-4295 - Urology
Language		eng
Abstract		Objective: To evaluate Thiel-embalmed cadavers as a new training model for urological endoscopy procedures. Methods: Twelve urologists performed upper and lower urinary tract endoscopies on five different Thiel-embalmed cadavers to evaluate this potentially new training model in urological endoscopic procedural training. Using a 5-point Likert scale, the participants assessed the quality of the tissue and the overall experience of the endoscopy in comparison to a live patient procedure. Results: Thiel-embalmed cadavers have shown to mimic live patient endoscopy of the upper and lower urinary tract in terms of almost identical overall anatomical conditions and manipulation characteristics of the tissue. The mucosa of the urethra and ureters showed similar colours and consistency in comparison to a live patient, while bladder mucosa was lacking the visibility of the vessels, thus was unsuitable for identifying any mucosal abnormalities. The flexibility of the muscles allowed the proper patient positioning, while the loss of muscle tonus made ureteroscopy more difficult though sufficiently comparable to the procedure done in a live patient. Conclusion: Thiel-embalmed cadavers have already been proven to be a suitable training model for several medical procedures. They are known for preserving tissue colour, consistency and flexibility without the irritant odours or risk of infection, which makes them resemble live patients with real life surgical challenges. The results of our study strongly suggest that despite some minor drawbacks, Thiel-embalmed cadavers are a suitable simulation model for initial training of urethro-cystoscopy and ureteroscopy.
Keywords		anatomija cistoskopija kirurški postopki, minimalno invazivni simulacija uretroskopija učni modeli