Author/Editor		Firbas, Peter; Amon, Tomaž
Title		Combined of chemical analysis, fish micronuclei and onion chromosome damage for assessing cleaning effect in the WWTP central Domžale - Kamnik and quality of Kamniška Bistrica river
Type		članek
Vol. and No.		, št. 121
Publication year		2017
Volume		str. 2825-2842
ISSN		0251-2920 - CEPAL review
Language		eng
Abstract		Background/Objectives: We wanted to find out the degree of the effectiveness of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as well as the quality of water in the river Kamniška Bistrica. For this reason we chose four sampling locations: (i) in the river Kamniška Bistrica before WWTP; (ii) wastewater (WW) before entering the WWTP; (iii) final treatment effluent (FTE) water flowing out of the WWTP and (iv) finally the general river water below the WWTP. Method/statistical analysis: We accomplished the following analytical tasks: (i) physico-chemical, (ii) chemical, (iii) Allium metaphase (M) chromosome damage test and (iv) autochthons salmon Pisces micronucleus (MN) test. Chemical analysis of the sample was performed using gass chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). In addition to standard parameters biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS), we also studied the presence of xenobiotics. Findings: Just the physical and chemical measurements are not sufficient, we need also to know the biological consequences of these complex cocktails of chemicals that surround us. Therefore environmental monitoring based on the use of higher plants and aquatic vertebrates to detected potential environmental genotoxic xenobiotics. Plant cytogenetic, using Allium M test, identifies same chromosome damages as they are identified in human cytogenetic. Mentioned chromosome aberrations cause clinical defects on human body. WW can be characterized as complex chemical mixtures of individual organic and inorganic substances. The effluent WW are very mitodepressive leading to the inhibition of growth of the roots tested Allium cepa L. They also cause the chromosomal damage (CsD) in the root meristems cells. The Central Domžale-Kamnik WWTP with primary and secondary treating has been shown to be very effective. WWTP reduce pollutants in WW to a level nature can handle. We could not find any parameters that would show the final treatment effluent (FTE) water worse in quality than the original river water. Application/Improvements: Complementary research, however, in association with biological and chemical researches is reveals an integrated impact on the growth and development of living cells or organisms, and detects the presence of harmful substances within the limits and capabilities of analytical methods.
Keywords		wastewater treatment chemical analysis genotoxic xenobiotics čiščenje odpadnih voda kemična analiza genotoksični ksenobiotiki