Author/Editor		Zupančič, Daša; Erdani-Kreft, Mateja; Grdadolnik, Maja; Mitev, Dimitar; Iglič, Aleš; Veranič, Peter
Title		Detonation nanodiamonds are promising nontoxic delivery system for urothelial cells
Type		članek
Publication year		2017
Volume		str. str.
ISSN		0033-183X - Protoplasma
Language		eng
Abstract		Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) are carbon-based nanomaterials that are among the most promising nanoparticles available for biomedical applications so far. This is due to their biocompatibility, which could be contributed to their inert core and conformable surface nature. However, DNDs cytotoxicity for urothelial cells and the routes of their internalization remains an open question in the aspect of nanodiamond surface. We therefore analyzed four types of DNDs for cytotoxicity and internalization with normal urothelial cells and two types of cancer urothelial cell lines in vitro. Viability of any of the cell types we used was not compromised with any of four DNDs we evaluated after 24-, 48- and 72-h incubation in three different concentrations of DNDs. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that all four types of DNDs were endocytosed into all three types of urothelial cells tested here. We observed DNDs in endosomes, as well as in multivesicular bodies and multilamellar bodies. These results propose using of DNDs as a delivery system for urological applications in human nanomedicine.
Keywords		urothelial cells detonation nanodiamonds nontoxic system urothelialne celice detonacijski nanodiamidi netoksični sistem