Author/Editor		Avšič-Županc, T; Petrovec, M; Jelovšek, M; Strle, F
Title		Medicinsko pomembni arbovirusi v Sloveniji
Translated title		Medically important arboviruses in Slovenia
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 64, št. Suppl 3
Publication year		1995
Volume		str. III-15-9
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. A wide range of about 50 different virues is transmitted by arthropods such as ticks, mosquitoes and sandflies. These "arboviruses" (arthropod-borne viruses) multiply in the arthropod vector, and for each virus there is a natural cycle involving vertebrates (various birds or mammals) and arthropods. Some are not known to be arthropod borne, but are antigenically related, to known arboviruses. Arboviruses tend to replicate in vascular endothelium, CNS, skin muscle and therefore cause multisystem infections in humans. They are generally named after the clinical disease or the place where they were first discovered. Taxonomically, numerous arboviruses belongs to different genera of the three virus families. Only a small number are important causes of human disease. Studies of arboviruses started in Slovenia in 1953 following the isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) which caused a severe epidemic that year. Until now the following viruses have been proven to circulate in the country: tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE), Hantaviruses (HTN) and Tahyna virus (TAH). Rapid, clinically-relevant methods that involve enzyme immuno assay method (EIA) for diagnosis of arbovirus infections have been developed. The method was also used to study the prevalence of antibodies to various arboviruses in sera obtained from forest workers in Slovenia in order to estimate the extent of exposure of these viruses in population in risk. Antibodies to hantaviruses (HTN), West Nile (WN), Tahyna (TAH), Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE), Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Sandfly Fever Sicilian (SFS), Sandfly Fefer Naples (SFN), Bhanja (BHA) and Toscana (TOS) viruses were found in sera studied, respectively. Conclusions. There is a considerable evidence that probably beside TBE, HTN and TAH viruses some other arboviruses like WN, SFS, SFN viruses are active in Slovenia and may cause febrile illness there.(trunc.)
Summary		Izhodišče. Klopi, komarji, in drugi artropodi prenašajo več kot 500 različnih virusov. Virusi spadajo v skupino arbovirusov (arthropode-borne viruses), ki se razmnožujejo v vektorju, ki je artropod. Za vsakega od virusov je značilen svojstven življenski krog, ki vključuje vretenčarja (ptice in različni sesalci) in artropoda. Nekatere od teh virusov ne prenašajo artropodi, vendar jih zaradi antigenske podobnosti vseeno prištevamo k arbovirusom. Arbovirusi povzročajo pri človeku multisistemsko okužbo in se replicirajo v žilnem endoteliju, osrednjem živčevju, koži in mišicah. Običajno so poimenovani po bolezni, ki jo povzročajo, ali po kraju, kjer so jih prvič osamili. Številni arbovirusi taksonomsko spadajo v različne rodove znotraj treh družin, vendar jih le manjši del povzroča bolezni pri človeku. Natančnejše raziskave arbovirusov v Sloveniji so sledili prvi osamitvi virusa klopnega meningoencefalitisa (KME) leta 1953, ki je takrat povzročil hudo epidemijo. Do danes znani arvobirusi, ki dokazano krožijo v Sloveniji, so: virus klopnega meningoencefalitisa, hantavirusi in virus Tahyna. Razvite so bile hitre in klinično uporabne metode za diagnostiko arbovirusnih okužb, kot je npr. encimsko imunski test. To metodo smo uporabili za študij prevalence protiteles proti različnim arbovirusom pri gozdnih delavcih v Sloveniji, da bi ocenili izpostavljenost rizične populacije. Pri gozdnih delavcih smo z encimskoimunskim testom določali protitelesa proti hantavirusom, virusu zahodnega Nila, virusu klopnega meningoencefalitisa, virusu Kongo-Krimske hemoragične mrzlice, virusoma Sandfly Fever Sicilian in Sandfly Fever naples, virusu Toscana in virusu Bhanja. Zaključki. Ob virusu klopnega meningoencefalitisa, virusu Tahyna in hantavirusih so v Sloveniji navzoči tudi drugi arbovirusi, kot npr. virus Sandfly Fever Sicilian, virus Sandfly Fever Naples in virus zahodnega Nila, ki so lahko vzrok za febrilno bolezen.(krajš.)
Descriptors		ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS ARBOVIRUSES IMMUNOENZYME TECHNIQUES HANTAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, TICK-BORNE FLAVIVIRIDAE CALIFORNIA GROUP VIRUSES HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS, CRIMEAN-CONGO PHLEBOVIRUS