Author/Editor		Kek, Tina; Karas Kuželički, Nataša; Mlinarič-Raščan, Irena; Geršak, Ksenija
Title		Characteristics of health behaviours and health status indicators among pregnant women in Slovenia
Translated title		Navade, povezane z zdravjem in socialno demografske značilnosti nosečnic v Sloveniji
Type		članek
Vol. and No.		Letnik 86, št. 7/8
Publication year		2017
Volume		str. 295-317
ISSN		1581-0224 - Zdravniški vestnik
Language		eng
Abstract		Izhodišča: Nosečnost je obdobje, ko ženske za zdravje bodočega otroka kritično presojajo in ocenjujejo svoje zdravje ter z zdravjem povezane navade. Skupaj z zdravstvenimi delavci se srečujejo s številnimi tveganji in odločitvami, ki postanejo veliko kompleksnejše, saj je v igri vpliv na dva organizma. Namen članka je pregled ter iskanje morebitnih povezav med zdravjem, z zdravjem povezanimi navadami ter socialno demografskimi dejavniki v nosečnosti, ki so jih poročale sodelujoče ženske. Metode: Podatke študije smo pridobili v okviru raziskovalnega projekta Analiza bioloških označevalcev presnove folatov pri ugotavljanju tveganja za nastanek napak nevralne cevi, orofacialnih shiz ter prirojenih srčnih napak, ki je potekal od maja 2013 do septembra 2015. Vprašalnik o maternalnem zdravju, z zdravjem povezanih navadah ter socialno demografskih karakteristikah je izpolnilo 450 sodelujočih žensk. Podatki zajemajo nosečnosti, ki datirajo od osemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja pa do leta 2015. Rezultati: Mlajše in manj izobražene ženske so pogosteje poročale o kajenju med nosečnostjo, medtem ko so starejše, bolj izobražene ter nulipare ženske v višjem odstotku jemale folatne/multivitaminske dodatke. Opazili smo U-obliko porazdelitve uporabe zdravil (brez recepta in na recept) glede na stopnjo izobrazbe. Najvišji odstotek uporabe so imele ženske z najvišjo stopnjo izobrazbe (magisterij/doktorat) in ženske z doseženo najnižjo stopnjo izobrazbe (osnovna šola). Večjo uporabo zdravil med nosečnostjo so poročale tudi starejše ženske. Opazili smo trend višanja uporabe zdravil in folatnih/multivitaminskih pripravkov kot tudi incidence nosečniške sladkorne bolezni preko preiskovanega obdobja, z najvišjo incidenco v zadnjih desetletjih. Višjo pojavnost kroničnih bolezni smo opazili v skupini multiparih žensk. Zaključki: V navadah povezanih z zdravjem nosečnic obstajajo precejšnje socialno demografske razlike. Za izboljšanje zdravja so potrebni izboljšani javno zdravstveni ukrepi in individualno svetovanje, da lahko ustrezno naslovimo specifične potrebe socialno demografskih skupin z višjim tveganjem za neželene izide nosečnosti.Pregnancy is a period when women reconsider their own health and health related behaviour for the sake of their future child. Along with their health providers, they are faced with a number of risk assessments and decisions, which become far more complex as their effect on two organisms rather than one is at play. This paper provides an overview of possible associations between self-reported health status, health behaviours and socio-demographics during pregnancy. Methods: Study data were obtained from the case-control research project Analysis of folate metabolism biomarkers in the risk assessment for neural tube defects, orofacial clefts and congenital heart defects, which recruited participants from May 2013 to September 2015. Questionnaires about maternal health, health related behaviour and socio-demographic characteristics were completed by 450 women. The data include pregnancies from the 1980s to 2015. Results: We observed that younger and less educated women more frequently reported positive smoking status during pregnancy, while higher prevalence of folate/multivitamin supplementation was found among more educated, older and nulliparous women. There was a U-shaped distribution of medication intake (over-the-counter and prescribed) with respect to educational level, with the highest intake in mothers with a masters/PhD degree and among those that completed elementary school. Higher medication usage was also reported among older women. With increasing maternal age there was an increase in medication intake, folate/multivitamin intake, as well as incidence of gestational diabetes over the studied time period, with the highest frequencies occurring in later decades. A higher incidence of chronic diseases was observed in a group of multiparous women than among monoparous women. Conclusions: Considerable socio-demographic disparities exist in health-related behaviour among pregnant women. Improved public health campaigns and individual health care counselling are needed to address specific requirements of socio-demographic groups at higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Descriptors		Nosečnost Zdravje Zdravila
Keywords		navade zdravje nosečnic socialno demografski dejavniki