Author/Editor		Razlag Kolar, Tina; Kaučič, Boris Miha; Štemberger Kolnik, Tamara
Title		Povezava med zdravstveno pismenostjo in življenjskim slogom starih ljudi
Type		članek
Source		In: Medicinske sestre in babice - ključne za zdravstveni sistem : zbornik prispevkov z recenzijo Ljubljana : Zbornica zdravstvene in babiške nege Slovenije - Zveza strokovnih društev medicinskih sester, babic in zdravstvenih tehnikov Slovenije, Nacionalni center za strokovni, karierni in osebnostni razvoj medicinskih sester in babic
Publication year		2017
Volume		str. 381-392
Language		slv
Abstract		Uvod: Zdravstvena pismenost nam pove, kako se posameznik znajde v zdravstvenem sistemu, kako razume navodila, povezana z zdravstvom, in kako skrbi za svoje zdravje, obenem pa je lahko pokazatelj, kako zdrav bo posameznik. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti povezavo med zdravstveno pismenostjo in življenjskim slogom starih ljudi. Metoda: Raziskava je temeljila na kvantitativnem raziskovalnem pristopu, uporabili smo metodo deskripcije, kompilacije in sinteze. Podatke smo pridobili s tehniko anketiranja. Za merski instrument smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki smo ga oblikovali na osnovi pregleda literature. Uporabili smo priložnostni vzorec, v katerega smo vključili 148 starih ljudi v starosti 65 let in več, ki živijo v različnih bivanjskih okoljih in nimajo demence. Vrnjenih je bilo 140 vprašalnikov, kar predstavlja 94 % realizacijo vzorca. Za vse merjene spremenljivke smo uporabili opisne statistične metode: frekvence, odstotke (%), povprečno vrednost (PV) in standardni odklon (SO). Za ugotavljanje statistično pomembnih razlik med posameznimi spremenljivkami smo uporabili test analize variance ANOVA, povezanost med spremenljivkami smo ugotavljali s Pearsonovim koeficientom korelacije (r) in t test za primerjavo dveh neodvisnih spremenljivk. Statistično pomembnost je predstavljala vrednost p<0,05. Podatki so bili analizirani v programu Microsoft Excel 2010 in statističnem programu SPSS 22.0. Rezultati: Anketirani stari ljudje, ki so bili vključeni v raziskavo, imajo na področjih preprečevanja bolezni (PV=28,8) in promocije zdravja (PV=26,6) omejeno zdravstveno pismenost. Na področju svetovanja medicinske sestre stari ljudje dosegajo zadovoljivo stopnjo zdravstvene pismenosti (PV=34,6). Iz statistične analize z uporabo t testa za neodvisne vzorce ne moremo sklepati, da sta telesna dejavnost in splošna zdravstveno pismenost med seboj odvisni (t=1,602, p=0,112), prav tako ne moremo sklepati, da sta uživanje alkohola in splošna zdravstvena pismenost med seboj odvisni (t=-1,714, p=0,089), zanesljivo tudi ne moremo določiti korelacije med indeksom telesne mase (ITM) in splošno zdravstveno pismenostjo (p=0,852, r=0,016) anketiranih starih ljudi. Iz statistične analize podatkov ne moremo sklepati, da se zdravstvena pismenost in življenjski slog anketiranih starih ljudi povezujeta. Na zdravstveno pismenost vpliva stopnja izobrazbe, saj imajo višje izobraženi manj težav s splošno zdravstveno pismenostjo (p=0,001; r=0,268). Razprava in sklep: Ugotavljamo, da imajo anketirani stari ljudje, vključeni v raziskavo, omejeno zdravstveno pismenost. Medicinske sestre lahko z zdravstveno vzgojnim delom in promocijo zdravja doprinesejo k dvigu stopnje zdravstvene pismenosti starih ljudi. Vloga medicinskih sester v promociji zdravja se bo v prihodnje morala okrepiti, predvsem skozi njihovo delovanje v referenčnih ambulantah in centrih za krepitev zdravja/zdravstveno vzgojnih centrih. Poseben izziv lahko medicinskim sestram v prihodnosti predstavljajo tudi t. i. posvetovalnice za stare ljudi s ciljno usmerjenim zdravstveno-vzgojnim delom, ki jih vidimo umeščene v lokalne skupnosti.Introduction: The level of health literacy tells us, how an individual functions within the healthcare system, how well he understands the instructions connected to healthcare, and how well he looks after his health. At the same time, the level of health literacy can function a s an indicator of how healthy an individual is going to be in the future. With our research we wanted to establish the relationship between health literacy and lifestyle of older adults. Method: The research was based on the quantitative research approach; we used the descriptive method, compilation and synthesis. Data were collected with the interviewing technique. As a measuring instrument a survey questionnaire was used, which was developed on the basis of a literature review. We used a non-random, purposive sample, into which we included 148 older adults aged 65 years and more, who lived in different living environments and were not diagnosed with dementia. There were 140 questionnaires returned, resulting in realization of the sample of 94 %. Descriptive statistical methods were used for all measured variables: frequencies, percentages (%), mean value (MV), and standard deviation (SD). To determine statistically significant differences between the individual variables we used the ANOVA variance analysis test, the relationship between the variables was determined by the Pearson coefficient of correlation (r) and the t test to compare two independent variables. The statistical significance was p <0.05.The data were analyzed with the statistical program Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 22.0. Results: We established that older adults, who were included in our research, have limited health literacy in the fields of disease prevention (AV=28,8) and health promotion (AV=26,6). In the field of counseling by a nurse old people achieved sufficient health literacy (AV=34,6). From the statistical analysis using the t test for independent samples, we can not conclude that physical activity and general health literacy depend on one another (t=1,602, p=0,112), nor can we conclude that alcohol consumption and general health literacy depend on one another (t=- 1.714, p=0.089). We cannot reliably determine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and general health literacy (p=0.852, r=0.016) of elderly people surveyed. From the statistical analysis of the data we cannot conclude that health literacy and lifestyle of old people are linked. The level of health literacy is influenced by the level of education, as better educated people experience less problems in the field of general health literacy (p=0,001; r=0,268). Discussion and conclusion: We came to the conclusion that old people, included in the research, have limited health literacy. Nurses with their health education work can substantially contribute to the improvement of the level of health literacy among old people. The role of the nurses in the field of health promotion will in the future have to be strengthened, particularly through their work in reference clinics and reference centers for health promotion/health education centers. An additional challenge in the future for the nurses could also be the counseling centers with targeted health education work for elderly adults placed in the local communities.
Keywords		health literacy old person health promotion ageing quality of life staranje zdravstvena pismenost starostnik promocija zdravja kakovost življenja