Author/Editor		Pleštilová, Lenka; Neidhart, Michel; Russo, Giancarlo; Frank Bertoncelj, Mojca; Ospelt, Caroline; Ciurea, Adrian; Kolling, Christoph; Gay, Renate E.; Michel, Beat A.; Vencovský, Jiří
Title		Expression and regulation of PIWIL-proteins and PIWI-interacting RNAs in rheumatoid arthritis
Type		članek
Vol. and No.		Letnik 11, št. 11
Publication year		2016
Volume		str. 1-14
ISSN		1932-6203 - PloS one
Language		eng
Abstract		Objective The PIWIL (P-element induced wimpy testis like protein) subfamily of argonaute proteins is essential for Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis and their function to silence transposons during germ-line development. Here we explored their presence and regulation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The expression of PIWIL genes in RA and osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissues and synovial fibroblasts (SF) was analysed by Real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot. The expression of piRNAs was quantified by next generation small RNA sequencing (NGS). The regulation of PIWI/piRNAs, proliferation and methylation of LINE-1 after silencing of PIWIL genes were studied. Results PIWIL2 and 4 mRNA were similarly expressed in synovial tissues and SF from RA and OA patients. However, on the protein level only PIWIL4 was strongly expressed in SF. Using NGS up to 300 piRNAs were identified in all SF without significant differences in expression levels between RA and OASF. Of interest, the analysis of the co-expression of the detected piRNAs revealed a less tightly regulated pattern of piRNA-823, -4153 and -16659 expression in RASF. In RASF and OASF, stimulation with TNF[alpha]+IL1[beta]/TLR-ligands further significantly increased the expression levels of PIWIL2 and 4 mRNA and piRNA-16659 was significantly (4-fold) induced upon Poly(I:C) stimulation. Silencing of PIWIL2/4 neither affect LINE-1 methylation/expression nor proliferation of RASF. Conclusion We detected a new class of small regulatory RNAs (piRNAs) and their specific binding partners (PIWIL2/4) in synovial fibroblasts. The differential regulation of co-expression of piRNAs in RASF and the induction of piRNA/Piwi-proteins by innate immune stimulators suggest a role in inflammatory processes.
Keywords		rheumatoid arthritis biogenesis synovial tissues revmatoidni artritis biogeneza sinovialna tkiva