Author/Editor		Krantić, Nadis; Babnik, Katarina; Žvanut, Boštjan
Title		Identifikacija priporočil, razvoj in testiranje uporabe piktogramov za izboljšanje komunikacije starejših v socialnovarstvenih zavodih
Translated title		Identification of guidelines, development and verification of pictograms for improving communication with the elderly in social care institutions
Type		članek
Vol. and No.		Letnik 52, št. 4
Publication year		2018
Volume		str. 242-251
ISSN		1318-2951 - Obzornik zdravstvene nege : strokovno glasilo Zveze društev medicinskih sester in zdravstvenih tehnikov Slovenije
Language		slv
Abstract		Uvod: Piktogrami so slikovno komunikacijsko orodje, ki izboljšuje komunikacijo med izvajalci zdravstvenih in socialnih storitev ter starejšimi. Raziskava je zasledovala tri cilje: (i) identificirati priporočila za izdelavo piktogramov, primernih za starejše v socialnovarstvenih zavodih; (ii) na podlagi identificiranih priporočil razviti piktograme; (iii) ovrednotiti njihovo uporabnost.Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na kombiniranem pristopu in so jo sestavljali trije deli: (i) analiza znanstvene in strokovne literature ter izvedba intervjujev s štirimi medicinskimi sestrami v socialnovarstvenih zavodih za identifikacijo priporočil za izdelavo piktogramov; (ii) izdelava piktogramov; (iii) evalvacija piktogramov s kvazieksperimentom. Za statistično obdelavo podatkov je uporabljena univariatna analiza (izračun frekvenc in relativnih frekvenc).Rezultati: Identificirana priporočila za izdelavo piktogramov se nanašajo na njihovo splošno zasnovo, uporabo barv in oblik ter lokacijo. Intervjuji so natančneje opredelili priporočljivo lokacijo piktogramov ter konkretne potrebe po njihovi sporočilnosti: %nevarnost opeklin%, %higiena rok%, %nevarnost padca%, %nevarnost udarca vrat%, %jedilnica%, %delovna terapija%. Evalvacija izdelanih piktogramov s tridesetimi starejšimi iz socialnovarstvenega zavoda je pokazala ustrezno razumljivost, tri vodje služb za zdravstveno nego in oskrbo pa so potrdile njihovo uporabnost. Diskusija in zaključek: Identificirana priporočila predstavljajo dobro osnovo za nadaljnjo izdelavo piktogramov za starejše iz socialnovarstvenih zavodov. Pogostejša uporaba piktogramov v socialnovarstvenih zavodih bi izboljšala komunikacijo s starejšimi in nudila ustrezno pomoč pri zagotavljanju njihove varnosti in ustrezne orientacije.Introduction: Pictograms are an image-based communication tool that improves communication between providers of health and social services and the elderly. The study had three research goals: (i) to identify recommendations for creating pictograms suitable for elderly users of social care institutions; (ii) develop pictograms based on identified recommendations; and (iii) to evaluate their usefulness.Methods: The study was based on a mixed method approach and consisted of three parts: (i) an analysis of scientific literature and conducting interviews with 4 nurses working in social care institutions to identify the recommendations for pictograms development, (ii) creating a pictogram, (iii) quasi-experiment with the goal to evaluate the usefulness of pictograms. We used univariate statistics (frequency and relative frequency) for data analysis.Results: Identified recommendations for pictograms relate to the general design of pictograms, the use of colors and shapes, and the location of pictograms. Interviews with four nurses further clarified the recommended location of pictograms and the content of pictograms that should represent: "risk of burns", "hand hygiene", "danger of falling", "risk of impact with the door", "dining room", and "occupational therapy". Evaluation of the developed pictograms with 30 social care institution users showed an adequate understanding of pictograms and their usefulness.Discussion and conclusion: Identified recommendations are a good basis for further design of pictograms for users of social care institutions. A more extensive use of pictograms in social care institutions would help to ensure better communication with the elderly and assist in ensuring safety and adequate orientation of the elderly.
Keywords		slikovna komunikacijska orodja razvoj orodij komunikacija institucionalno varstvo image-based communication tool development communication institutional care