| Author/Editor | Maltseva, Natalya; Borzova, Elena; Fomina, Daria; Bizjak, Mojca; Terhorst, Dorothea; Košnik, Mitja; Kulthanan, Kanokvalai; Meshkova, Raisa; Thomsen, Simon Francis; Maurer, Marcus | |
| Title | Cold urticaria | |
| Type | članek | |
| Vol. and No. | Letnik 76, št. 4 | |
| Publication year | 2021 | |
| Volume | str. 1077-1094 | |
| ISSN | 1398-9995 - Allergy | |
| Language | eng | |
| Abstract | Cold urticaria (ColdU) is a common form of chronic inducible urticaria characterised by the development of wheals, angioedema or both in response to cold exposure. Recent research and guideline updates have advanced our understanding and management of ColdU. Today, its pathophysiology is thought to involve the cold-induced formation of autoallergens and IgE to these autoallergens, which provoke a release of proinflammatory mediators from skin mast cells. The classification of ColdU includes typical and atypical subtypes. We know that cold-induced wheals usually develop on rewarming and resolve within an hour and that anaphylaxis can occur. The diagnosis relies on the patient's history and cold stimulation testing. Additional diagnostic work-up, including a search for underlying infections, should only be done if indicated by the patient's history. The management of ColdU includes cold avoidance, the regular use of nonsedating antihistamines, and the off-label use of omalizumab. However, many questions regarding ColdU remain unanswered. Here, we review what is known about ColdU, and we present important unanswered questions on the epidemiology, underlying pathomechanisms, clinical heterogeneity and treatment outcomes. Our aim is to guide future efforts that will close these knowledge gaps and advance the management of ColdU. | |
| Descriptors | Urticaria Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes Urtikarija Periodični vročinski sindrom, povezan s kriopirinom | |
| Keywords | urtikarija zaradi mraza družinska urtikarija zaradi mraza koprivnica provokacijski test izpuščaj krioglobulinemični vaskulitis krioglobulini cold-induced urticaria familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome cold stimulation testing wheals cryoglobulinemic vasculitis cryoglobulins |