Author/Editor     Mlekuž, S
Title     Teoretične osnove in uporabnost fluorescenčne spektroskopije v farmaciji
Translated title     Theoretical backgrounds and applicability of fluorescent spectroscopy in pharmacy
Type     članek
Source     Farm Vestn
Vol. and No.     Letnik 46, št. 3-4
Publication year     1995
Volume     str. 305-28
Language     slo
Abstract     In the article some theoretical backgrounds of fluorescence are discussed. According to the quantum theory, every molecular species has a unique set of energy states: the ground and the excitated states. With absorption of energy chemical species is promoted to an excitated state, relaxation processes returns it to energetically more stable ground state. Flourescence is one of the relaxation processes. The environment of the molecule (pH, solvent, temperature, dissolving oxygen) and its structure (conjugation, functional groups, rigidity) determine whether or not molecule is fluorescent at all. The effects on the fluorescence are presented in the quantum yield, which is constant under given conditions. The instruments for measuring the intensity of fluorescence are briefly described. Three types of fluorescence methods are distinguished: direct methods, where non-fluorescing compound is converted to fluorescent derivative; quenching, where the fluorescence signal is diminuted with the addition of the quencher. Many pharmaceutical fields take advantage of the fluorescence phenomena, because of the possibility for the investigation of compounds conformation properties, stability studying of liposomes and nanoparticles, immunological reactions, biocompatibility studies,... Fluorimetry is officinal method in many modern pharmacopoeias. The comparison of applications for fluorescence spectroscopy between European, German and American pharmacopoeia is briefly described.
Descriptors     SPECTROMETRY, FLUORESCENCE
CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL
FLUORESCENCE
FLUOROMETRY