Author/Editor | Lu, Jing; Huang, Man-Li; Li, Jin-Hui; Jin, Kang-Yu; Li, Hai-Mei; Mou, Ting-Ting; Fronczek, Rolf; Duan, Jin-Feng; Xu, Wei-Juan; Swaab, Dick Frans; Bao, Ai-Min | |
Title | Changes of hypocretin (orexin) system in schizophrenia | |
Type | članek | |
Vol. and No. | Letnik 47, št. 5 | |
Publication year | 2021 | |
Volume | str. 1310-1319 | |
ISSN | 0586-7614 - Schizophrenia bulletin | |
Language | eng | |
Abstract | Hypocretin (also called orexin) regulates various functions, such as sleep-wake rhythms, attention, cognition, and energy balance, which show significant changes in schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to identify alterations in the hypocretin system in SCZ patients. We measured plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients and healthy controls and found significantly decreased plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients, which was mainly due to a significant decrease in female SCZ patients compared with female controls. In addition, we measured postmortem hypothalamic hypocretin-1-immunoreactivity (ir), ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels, and hypocretin receptor (Hcrt-R) mRNA expression in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in SCZ patients and controls We observed a significant decrease in the amount of hypothalamic hypocretin-1 ir in SCZ patients, which was due to decreased amounts in female but not male patients. Moreover, Hcrt-R2 mRNA in the SFG was decreased in female SCZ patients compared with female controls, while male SCZ patients showed a trend of increased Hcrt-R1 mRNA and Hcrt-R2 mRNA expression compared with male controls. We conclude that central hypocretin neurotransmission is decreased in SCZ patients, especially female patients, and this is reflected in the plasma. | |
Keywords | cerebrospinalna tekočina hipokretin hipotalamus cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin hypothalamus |