Author/Editor		Jančar, Boris
Title		Karcinom kože
Translated title		Carcinoma of the skin
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 35, št. Suppl 6
Publication year		1996
Volume		str. 223-8
Language		slo
Abstract		The occurrence of the carcinoma of the skin has long been on the increase all over the world, whereas in Slovenia, after a considerable rise in the sixties and seventies, a recession was recorded. Ultraviolet rays are considered to be most crucial carcinogen, therefore solar keratosis is the most frequent precancerosis. Histologically, carcinoma of the skin may be categorized into two groups, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. As in the clinical ground the distinction between the benign and malignant tumors as well as difference between squamous and basal cell carcinoma is fraught with difficulties; histological or cytological confirmation is obligatory. Our primary objective is to select the treatment with the least functional or easthetic consequences. Several treatment methods may be applied, among them the most frequent are surgery and radiotherapy. Both are equally successful, and total cure rate is in both cases 90 to 95 %. In the available literature, there are hardly any studies that deal with the comparison of diffeerent treatment methods applied for similar tumor types. Generally, basaloma is treated only locally, whereas in squamous cell carcinoma treatment, the possible growth of lesions should be taken into consideration. Currently, it is strongly recommended to take all possible preventive measures against exposure to the sun; as the atmospheric conditions are getting worse and worse, the incindende of the skin carcinoma is steadily increasing. The decay of the ozone layer in the atmosphere, which is,in effect, acting as a filter against ultraviolet rays will, in the decades to come, probably increase the incidence of the skin carcinoma. Currently, no rise in the incidence has been noted so far. The principal preventive measure is protection of the skin with clothes and lotion.
Summary		Pogostnost kožnega raka po svetu narašča, v Sloveniji pa se je po rahlem porastu v 60. in 70. letih ustalila. Napomembnejši karcinom je ultravijolična svetloba sonca, najpogostejša prekanceroza je sončna keratoza. Histološko ločimo dve vrsti kožnega karcinoma, bazaliom in ploščatocelični karcinom. Ker je razlikovanje tako med benignimi in malignimi tumorji na koži kot tudi med posameznimi vstami kožnega raka samo po klinični sliki težavno, je vedno potrebna histološka ali citološka potrditev.Namen zdravljenja je ozdravitev s čim manjšimi funkcionalnimi in estetskimi posledicami. Načinov zdravljenja je več, glavna sta kirurško in obsevalno. Obe metodi sta enako dobri, delež ozdravitev je pri obeh 90-95 %. V literaturi ni preglednih študij, s katerimi bi primerjali ražlične vrste zdravljenja pri podobnih tumorjih. Zdravljenje bazalioma je samo lokalno, pri ploščatoceličnem karcinomu pa moramo upoštevati možnost zasevanja. Preprečevanje kožnega raka postaja vedno bolj pomembno, ker se pogoji v ozračju poslabšujejo in zato pojavnost tega raka raste. Uničevanje ozonske plasti, ki deluje kot filter za ultravijolično svetlobo, bo čez nekaj desetletij verjetno povzročilo porast pojavnosti kožnih karcinomov. osnovni zaščitni ukrep je zaščita kože pred soncem, tako z oblačili in pokrivali kot tudi z zaščitnimi mazili.
Descriptors		SKIN NEOPLASMS NEOPLASM STAGING CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL