Author/Editor		Radil, T; Roth, J; Ružička, J; Tichy, J; Wysocki, CJ
Title		Olfactory impairment in Parkinson's disease
Translated title		Motnje voha pri Parkinsonovi bolezni
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 65, št. Suppl 3
Publication year		1996
Volume		str. III-63-4
Language		eng
Abstract		In order to verify the concept of olfactory dysfunction as an early marker of Parkinson's disease (PD), we studied olfactory functions in 16 patients with idiopathic PD and in 18 healthy controls. Amylacetate (banana smell) in 12 sequential dilutions (50% steps) was used as odorant in four conditions: (A) binary ascendent forced choice (odorant vs. pure solvent in random order), (B) ascendent limit, and (C) descendent limit thresholds, (D) time course of deadaptation after olfactory adaptation. Testing showed anosmia in one patients, six more patients and one control subject were found to be hyposmic. Average olfactory thresholds were slightly higher in the patients than in healthy controls. The decrease of olfaction was unrelated to the age of the patients, duration of the disease, degree of motor impairment, dose and duration of levodopa treatment. The facilitatory effect of ascendent stimulus ordering (lower B than C threshold) representing a modulatory or adaptive phenomenon related to stimulus expectancy, was observed in patients as well as in healthy controls. No difference in the time course of deadaptation was found between both groups. In conclusion, our study relealed olfactory disturbances in less than a half of PD patients. The dysfunction was mostly limited to slight hyposmia, and no impairment of modulatory-adaptive olfactory phenomena was disclosed. Thus, olfactory impairment does not appear to be a pathognomonic symptom of PD and, if present, represents rather nonspecific sensory changes.
Summary		Da bi preverili, če je motnja voha res zgodnji pokazatelj Parkinsonove bolezni, smo študirali funkcijo voha pri 16 bolnikih z idiopatsko Parkinsonovo boleznijo in pri 18 zdravih prostovoljcih. Za preskušanje voha smo uporabili amilacetat (vonj banane) v 12 zaporednih razredčitvah (50-odstotne stopnje) in sicer na štiri načine: (A) binarna ascendentna prisilna izbira (vonjava proti čisto topilo v naključnem zaporedju); (B) ascendentni pražni limiti; (C) descendentni pražni limiti; (D) časovni potek deadaptacije po olfaktorni adaptaciji. Anozmijo smo našli pri enem bolniku, šest bolnikov in en prostovoljec pa so bili hipozmični. Povprečni prag voha je bil za malenkost višji pri bolnikih kot pri prostovoljcih. Slabši voh ni bil odvisen od starosti bolnikov, trajanja bolezni, stopnje motorične prizadetosti, odmerka ali trajanja zdravljenja z levodopo. Facilitatorni učinek ascendentne razvrstitve dražljajev (nižji prag B kot C), ki odseva modulacijo in adaptacijo zaradi pričakovanja dražljaja, je bil zaznaven tako pri bolnikih kot pri prostovoljcih. Skupini se prav tako nista razlikovali v časovnem poteku deadaptacije. Študija je torej pokazala, da ima motnje voha manj kot polovica bolnikov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Abnormnosti so predvsem blaga hipozmija, ni pa motenj modulatorno-adaptacijskih olfaktornih fenomenov. Motnje voha se ne zdijo patognomoničen simptom Parkinsonove bolezni, pač pa odsevajo nespecifične senzorične spremembe.
Descriptors		PARKINSON DISEASE ANOSMIA SMELL