Author/Editor		Žunter-Nagy, Ana Marija; Kocmur, Marga
Title		Poklicne obremenitve zdravnikov
Translated title		Physicians' professional strains
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 67, št. 2
Publication year		1998
Volume		str. 67-73
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. In the developed world strains to which physicians are exposed at their work are more and more a subject of discussion. Risk factors as regards their physical as well as psychical health are said to be increased. Constant overwork may often have influence on their professional as well as marital or family life. Double strain of female physicians which marks their entire professional career is particularly stressed. In the course of time serious professional strains lead to the burnout phenomenon which is shown above all as an emotional exhaustion, depersonification or dehumanization and decreased activity with consecutive dissatisfaction with the abhieved. By the help of a special questionnaire we tried to get an insight into professional strains of Slovene physicians and the impact on their professional and personal life and physical health. We were interested to what exent the burnout phenomenon is present at respondents. Methods. Three groups of physicians were included in the questionnaire sent by mail: all general practitioners, all psychiatrists and all those who principally do not work with patients. The returned and fulfilled questionnaires were statistically treated. Results. Statistically important differences between individual groups were found out as regards working position, specialization and satisfaction with the job. The judgment of relationship to patients as seen by physicans ourselves showed that physicians have a high idealized self-image: we are "almost regularly" understanding, patient and delibeate but "almost never" indifferent and rude. There are smaller differences between the groups as regards private life. 40% of the respondents have a chronic disease, while female physicians mention it only in 22%. Women are emotionally more exhausted than men. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters.)
Summary		Izhodišča. V razvitem svetu se vse bolj pogosto razpravlja o obremenitvah, ki so jim na delovnem mestu izpostavljeni zdravniki. Govori se o povišanih dejavnikih ogrožanj tako glede njihovega fizičnega kot tudi psihičnega zdravja. Trajno čezmerno delo naj bi pogosto vplivalo na poklicno in na zakonsko oziroma družinsko življenje zdravnikov. Posebej se poudarja dvojna obremenjenost zdravnic, kar zaznamuje njihovo celotno poklicno kariero. Hude poklicne obremenitve sčasoma pripeljejo do fenomena izgoretja (burnout), ki se kaže predvsem kot emocionalna izčrpanost, depersonalizacija oz. dehumanizacija ter zmanjšana osebna dejavnost s posledičnim nezadovoljstvom z doseženim. S posebno anketo smo poskušali dobiti vpogled o poklicnih obremenitvah slovenskih zdravnikov in njihovem vplivu na poklicno in osebno življenje ter na njihovo psihofizično zdravje. Zanimalo nas je tudi, v kolikšni meri je med anketiranimi zdravniki prisoten fenomen izgorevanja. Metode. V anketo, ki smo jo poslali po pošti, smo vključili tri skupine zdravnikov: vse splošne zdravnike, vse psihiatre in vse tiste, ki ne delajo pretežno z bolniki. Vrnjene in izpolnjene vprašalnike smo statistično obdelali. Rezultati. ob pregledu rezultatov smo našli statistično pomembne razlike med posameznimi skupinami, kar zadeva delovni položaj, specializacijo in zadovoljstvo na delovnem mestu. Presoja odnosa do bolnikov, kot ga vidimo zdravniki sami, je pokazala, da imamo zdravniki visoko idealizirano podobo o sebi: "skoraj redno" smo namreč razumevajoči, potrpežljivi in preudarni, "skoraj nikoli" pa ravnodušni in osorni. Kar zadeva osebno življenje, so razlike med posameznimi skupinami manjše. Kar 40% anketiranih zdravnikov ima kronično bolezen, medtem ko jih zdravnice navajajo le v 22%. (Izvleček prekinjen pri 2000 znakih.)
Descriptors		PHYSICIANS WORKLOAD BURNOUT, PROFESSIONAL QUESTIONNAIRES SEX FACTORS PROFESSIONAL-FAMILY RELATIONS HEALTH STATUS LIFE STYLE PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS