Author/Editor		Pooga, Margus; Haellbrink, Mattias; Zorko, Matjaž; Langel, Uelo
Title		Cell penetration by transportan
Type		članek
Source		Faseb J
Vol. and No.		Letnik 12
Publication year		1998
Volume		str. 67-77
Language		eng
Abstract		Transportan is a 27 amino acid-long peptide containing 12 functional amino acids from the amino terminus of the neuropeptide galanin and mastoparan in the carboxyl terminus, connected via a lysine. Transportan is a cell-penetrating peptide as judged by indirect immunofluorescence using Ne13-biotinyl-transportan. The internalization of biotinyl-transportan is energy indedpendent and takes placeefficiently at 37 degrees, 4 degrees, 0 degrees. Cellular uptake of transportan is probably not mediated by endocytosis, since it cannot be blocked by treating the cells with phenylarsine oxide or hyperosmolar sucrose solution and is nonsaturable. The kinetics of internalization was studied with the aid of the 125I-labeled peptide. At 37 degrees C, the maximal intracelllular concentration is reached in about 20 min. The internalized transportan is protected from trypsin. The cell-penetrating ability of transportan is not restricted by cell type, but seems to be a general feature of this peptide. In Bowes' melanoma cells, transportan first localizes in the outer membrane and cytoplasmatic membrane structures. This is followed by a redistribution into the nuclear membrane and uptake into the nuclei where transportan concentrates in distinct substructures, probrably the nucleoli. - Pooga, M., Haellbrink, M., Zorko, M., Langel, UE. Cell penetration of transportan FASEB J. 12, 67-77 (1998)
Descriptors		CHIMERIC PROTEINS ENDOCYTOSIS GTP PHOSPHOHYDROLASE BIOTIN AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HYDROLYSIS IODINE RADIOISOTOPES KINETICS MELANOMA TUMOR CELLS, CULTURED MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA WASP VENOMS WATER ALCOHOLS, OCTYL MODELS, BIOLOGICAL