Author/Editor		Zorko, Tatjana
Title		Kajenje in razvoj ateroskleroze
Translated title		Smoking and the development of atherosclerosis
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 37, št. Suppl 3
Publication year		1998
Volume		str. 19-25
Language		slo
Abstract		Smoking is a well known cardiovascular risk factor for the developoment of atherosclerosis and in particular coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. In this paper the adverse effects of smoking are described: Increased plasma fibrinogen, decreased erythrocyte distensibility, increased plasma and blood viscosity, increased platelet aggregability, increased plasminigen activator inhibitor levels, vasoconstriction of the coronary bed, reduced fibrillation treshold, increased triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol, and increased production of superoxide by phagocytes. In cigarette smoke there are, apart from nicotine, also carbon monoxide, tar and noxious gases. The therapy for nicotine addiction and clinical studies on nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are described. Clinical trials of NTR in patients with underlying, stable coronary disease suggest that nicotine does not increase cardiovascular risk. The risk of NRT for smokers, even for those with underlying cardiovascular disease, are small and are substantially outweighed by the potential benefits of smoking cessation.
Summary		Kajenje je dobro znan srčnožilni dejavnik tveganja za razvoj ateroskleroze in še posebej za koronarno in perirferno žilno bolezen. Opisani so škodljivi učinki kajenja: povečane vrednosti plazemskega fibrinogena, zmanjšana fleksibilnost eritrocitov, povečana viskoznost plazme in krvi, povečana agregabilnost trombocitov, povišana raven inhibitorja aktivatorja plazminogena, vazokonstrikcija koronarnega povirja, znižan prag za fibrilacijo, zvišana raven trigliceridov, znižana raven HDL holesterola in povečano nastajanje peroksida v fagocitih. V cigaretnem dimu so poleg nikotina, ki je zasvojitvena snov, še ogljikov monoksid, katran in dražeči plini. Opisani so načini zdravljenja kadilske zasvojenosti ter klinične študije, v katerih so raziskovali nadomestno nikotinsko zdravljenje. Kaže, da slednja pri bolnikih z že znano koronarno boleznijo ne poveča srčnožilnega tveganja. Tveganje nadomestnega nikotinskega zdravljenja za kadilce, celo za tiste z boleznimi srca in žilja, je majhno in jo dobrobiti prenehanja kajenja prekašajo.
Descriptors		ATHEROSCLEROSIS SMOKING LIPIDS LIPOPROTEINS THROMBOSIS ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES OPTIC NEUROPATHY, ISCHEMIC SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE SMOKING CESSATION