Author/Editor		Čižman, Milan; Pokorn, Marko; Arnež, Maja
Title		HIV - okužba v otroški dobi
Type		članek
Source		In: Bregant L, editor. Zbornik referatov Nebakterijske okužbe v perinatologiji; 1998 maj 8-9; Ljubljana. Ljubljana: Društvo za pomoč prezgodaj rojenim otrokom,
Publication year		1998
Volume		str. 77-85
Language		slo
Abstract		According to the World Health Organization estimate there are 22,6 million people infected with HIV in the world. Eighty percent of infected women and children live in the sub-Saharan Africa and children comprise 15 to 20 percent of all AIDS cases. In developed countries children with AIDS represent less than 2 percent of all AIDS cases. The most common route of HIV infection in children is vertical transmission from mother to her offspring. The risk of vertical HIV transmission is estimated to be between 13 and 20 percent in Europe, between 25 and 30 percent in Africa and between 16 and 39 percent in the United States. In children infected in utero signs of HIV embryopathy can be present. If children are infected around birth, they present with non-specific clinical symptoms and signs. Children infected after birth can present with acute retroviral syndrome. HIV infection is diagnosed on the basis of epidemiological data, clinical picture, immunological and virological tests. HIV affects immune system and T cell immunity is most severely affected. With disease progression the number of CD4 cells decreases and therefore CD4 counts can be used to assess diseases progression. Children infected with HIV are classified according to clinical presentation and immunological criteria. Early diagnosis as well as prompt institution of therapy, prophylactics and supportive treatment are essential for improved outcome. Treatment of childrn with AIDS includes antiretroviral therapy, therapy of viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections, treatment of malignant disease and supportive treatment.
Descriptors		HIV INFECTIONS ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS CHILD DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL HIV SEROPOSITIVITY PROGNOSIS PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII