Author/Editor		Avsec-Letonja, Danica
Title		Bolnišnične okužbe v kirurški enoti za intenzivno terapijo
Type		članek
Source		In: Dragaš AZ, Lorenčič-Robnik S, Kotnik-Kevorkijan B, editors. Zbornik predavanj Bolnišnične okužbe; 1999 maj 21-22; Maribor. Maribor: Splošna bolnišnica Maribor,
Publication year		1999
Volume		str. 51-63
Language		slo
Abstract		A fifth of all hospital infections have patients in the intensive care units as consequence of the immunological changes and the other reasons as malnutrition, impaired skin barrier, usage of medical devices, changes of colonisation resistence with translocation of bacteria etc. Immunological changes depend on the basic disease, injuries and age. In the surgical intensive care unit the hospital pneumonia is most often diagnosed, it appears in 20-45 %. Due to some authors the incidence range is still wider, because the diagnostics of the disease is very difficult and still not precise. The last recommendationes advise quantitative bacteriological analyses which can be taken blind from the tracheobronchial tree or by bronchoscop from distal parts of the lung. By such kind of sampling and by quantitative analysis a very high specifity can be achieved - even up to 100 %; the sensitivity amounts still about 50-60 %. On the second place of the nosocomial infectons are infections caused by inserted cathetres: central or peripherical venous , arterial or pulmonary arterial. Qualitative analysis for diagnostics are also at those infections unprecise. For more precise and better results semiquantitative analysis of the part of catheter inserted subcutaneously have to be performed. Urinary tract infections, nosocomial sinusitis, Clostridium difficile diarrhea or colitis are more seldom hospital infections; in spite of that it is also important to perform adequate diagnostic establishment and treatment. For diagnosis of hospital infections is not enough to use only positive microbiological qualitative results. The quantification of microbiological results helps to distiguish colonisation from infection, which is very imporant for antibiotic treatment. Selective decontamination of GIT is a preventive measure for hospital infections, specially for respiratory tract infections. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters.)
Descriptors		INTENSIVE CARE UNITS CROSS INFECTION SURGERY DEPARTMENT, HOSPITAL RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS EQUIPMENT CONTAMINATION CATHETERIZATION METHICILLIN RESISTANCE