Author/Editor     Parežnik, Roman; Žohar-Čretnik, Tjaša
Title     Problem bolnišničnih okužb v internistični intenzivni enoti za odrasle
Type     članek
Source     In: Dragaš AZ, Lorenčič-Robnik S, Kotnik-Kevorkijan B, editors. Zbornik predavanj Bolnišnične okužbe; 1999 maj 21-22; Maribor. Maribor: Splošna bolnišnica Maribor,
Publication year     1999
Volume     str. 67-79
Language     slo
Abstract     Nosocomial infections are complications of hospitalization leading to excess morbidity and mortality. In intensive care units (ICU) is the rate of these complications 2 to 5 times that of general departments. Prevalence, site and microbiology of nosocomial infections depend on length of stay, size of the unit, severity and kind of illness, and use of invasive devices (central venous catheters, urinary catheters, endotracheal tubes). A meaningful comparison of ICU-associated nosocomial infections rates should therefore take into account riskfactors mentioned above.Although certain critically ill patients appear to die as a direct consequence of an acquired infection, most ICU deaths are determined by the severity of underlying disease.Active surveillance of nosocomial infections is a key part of an infection control program. This allows for knowledge of a baseline rate of infections, prompt recognition of potential outbreaks, and early identification of patients that may require specialized precautionary measures. General measures for infection control (architectural features, hand antisepsis, use of disposable gloves and gowns, desinfection and sterilization of reusable medical devices, antibiotic restriction programs) are proven to decrease the nosocomial infection rates in ICU.In Department for Internal Intensive Care Medicine of General Hospital Celje nosocomial infections caused by multiple-antibiotic resistant microorganisms were monitored in 1998 and first two months of 1999. Endemic presence of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii was observed. In may 1998 there was an outbreak of infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae with extended spectrum beta-lactamase. Based on collected data general preventive measures were reinforced. Systematic surveillance of nosocomial infections is planed in near future, which will make possible comparison with the data in the literature and then introduction of problem oriented preventive measures.
Descriptors     CROSS INFECTION
INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
ADULT
PREVALENCE
RISK FACTORS
HANDWASHING
DISINFECTION