| Author/Editor | Pernat, Andrej; Horvat, Matija | |
| Title | Nadzor učinkovitosti zunanje masaže srca s transezofagealnim ultrazvokom in ETCO2 | |
| Translated title | Monitoring of precordial compression efficiency with the aid of transesophageal echocardiography and ETCO2 | |
| Type | članek | |
| Source | In: Bručan A, Gričar M, editors. Urgentna medicina: izbrana poglavja 5. Zbornik 6. mednarodni simpozij o urgentni medicini; 1999 jun 16-19; Portorož. Ljubljana: Slovensko združenje za urgentno medicino, | |
| Publication year | 1999 | |
| Volume | str. 193-97 | |
| Language | slo | |
| Abstract | A landmark publication by Kouwenhoven and associates introduced external cardiac massage as means by which systemic blood flows in amounts sufficient to sustain viability of critical organs would be produced, until defibrillation and return of spontaneous circulation. Palpating carotid pulses for evaluation of sufficiency of pre- cordial compression may be misleading due to transmission of pressure pulses in absence of blood flow. Therefore, alternative methods of precordial compression efficiency were searched. End tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) evolved as non-invasive and simple indicator of blood flow generated by precordial compression. Objective of this study was to measure stroke volumes produced by precordial compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and to quantitate relationships of stroke volume to measurements of (ETCO2). Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced in 18 male pigs. During precordial compression stroke volumes were measured with the aid of transesophageal echocardiography, and (ETCO2) with conventional capnography. During precordial compression stroke volume index decreased to 37% of the average baseline value, and (ETCO2) decreased to 38% of baseline value. The (ETCO2) was highly predictive of stroke volume index (r = 0.89, p<0.01 ). We confirmed that (ETCO2) reflects blood flow generated by precordial compression. As such, it serves as simple and non-invasive indicator of efficiency of precordial compression during resuscitative attempts. Persistently low levels of (ETCO2) indicate inefficiency of precordial compression and might be predictive of low probability for successful resuscitation. | |
| Descriptors | CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION HEART MASSAGE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSESOPHAGEAL SWINE |