Author/Editor		Čokolič, M
Title		Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis
Type		članek
Source		Diabetol Croat
Vol. and No.		Letnik 27, št. 4
Publication year		1998
Volume		str. 135-41
Language		eng
Abstract		Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis are a significant public health problem resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality as well as an enormous economic burden. In 1941, Fuller Albright defined osteoporosis pathologically as "a condition in which there is lack of bone tissue, but that tissue which remains is fully calcified". In the last 50 years, our understanding of bone metabolism and bone disorders has grown rapidly, and so have the costs of treatment for osteoporosis and its complications risen in parallel. Osteoporotic fractures usually invoive the spine, wrist and hip, however, many fractures at other sites are also associated with low bone mass. These fractures carry high death rates, especially in the elderly. Insulin is nuessary for normal bone mineralixation, and individuals and experimental animals with untreated diabetes mellitus have impaired skeletal growth and mineralixation. The overall conclusion is that insulin deficienćy may induce osteoporos in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1), either by impairing bone formation or by increasing bone mass, whereby the impairment of bone formation probably predominates. In addition, osteoporosis is more common in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The use of bone density measurements is of central importance for the diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of treatment in patients with osteoporosis. Bone mass has been measured either by singIe-photon absorptiometry or dual photon absorptiometry, and now with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Depending on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic agents used in the managemenl of osteoporosis are classifud as osteoclast inhibitors, osteoblast stimulators, and substances that improve bone quality. Women with diabetes are at an increased risk of cardiovas- cular disease and hypertension. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters.)
Descriptors		DIABETES MELLITUS OSTEOPOROSIS BONE DENSITY ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON CALCITONIN ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY VITAMIN D DIPHOSPHONATES FLUORIDES