Author/Editor		Cvenkel, Barbara
Title		Glavkom in njegovo zdravljenje
Translated title		Glaucoma and its treatment
Type		članek
Source		Zdrav Vestn
Vol. and No.		Letnik 68, št. 12
Publication year		1999
Volume		str. 743-9
Language		slo
Abstract		Background. Glaucoma is a family of disease characterized by irreversible death of the axons of the optic nerve. In this review we described varioous classifications of glaucoma, with the most frequently used dividing glaucoma into the open-angle glaucoma (the most common type of glaucoma) and the closed-angle glaucoma. The major risk factors for the open-angle glaucoma are: advanced age, black race, a family history of glaucoma and elevated intraocular pressure. Glaucoma is treated by lowering the intraocular pressure by means of medications, by application of laser energy or by surgical procedure. In medical treatment several topical medications are used: beta-adrenergic antagonists, prostaglandin analogues, adrenergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and cholinergic agonists. Their mechanism of action as well as their potential systemic side effects are described. Conclusions. Glaucoma can usually be treated successfully with a variety of topical drugs. Altough the patients with glaucoma are treated by ophtalmologists it is neverless important for general practitioner to be aware of the drugs used and their potential side effects.
Summary		Izhodišča. Glavkom zajema skupino očesnih bolezni, za katere je značilno ireverzibilno propadanje živčnih vlaken optičnega živca. V prispevku smo prikazali različne rezdelitve glavkoma, od katerih se najpogosteje uporablja delitev na glavkom z odprtim zakotjem (najpogostejša oblika glavkoma) in glavkom z zaprtim zakotjem. Najpomembnejši dejavniki tveganja za nastanek glavkoma z odprtim zakotjem so: napredovala starost, črna rasa, pozitivna družinska anamneza za glavkom in zvišan očesni tlak. Glavkom zdravnimo s tem, da znižamo očesni tlak zz zdravili, z laserskim ali s kirurškim posegom. V medikamentnem zdravljenju uporabljamo več vrst lokalno delujočih zdravil: antagoniste beta-adrenergičnih receptovjev, analoge prostaglandinov, antagoniste adrenergičnih receptorjev, zaviralce encima karboanhidraze in agoniste holinergičnih receptorjev. Opisali smo njihov mehanizem delovanja in sistemske neželene pojave, ki jih lahko povzročijo. Zaključki. Glavkom lahko večinoma uspešno zdravimo z očesnimi kapljicami. Čeprav glavkomske bolnike zdravi specialist oftalmolog, pa je pomembno, da so tudi osebni zdravniki seznanjeni z bolnikovo terapijo in njenimi možnimi neželenimi sistemskimi pojavi.
Descriptors		GLAUCOMA OCULAR HYPERTENSION ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS DINOPROST ADRENERGIC ALPHA-AGONISTS OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS