Author/Editor     Stuerchler, Matius P
Title     Preprečevanje in zdravljenje malarije
Translated title     Prevention and therapy of malaria
Type     članek
Source     Med Razgl
Vol. and No.     Letnik 38, št. Suppl 8
Publication year     1999
Volume     str. 137-44
Language     eng
Abstract     Worldwide, about 500 milion people are infected each year malaria and up to 2.5 million deaths are caused by this disease. In 1998, a total of 9 cases of malaria were treated at the Department of infectious diseases, Medical centre in Ljubljana, but the actual number of cases in Slovenia may be as high as 20 per year. The fatality rate in non-immune persons may reach 3% or higer in industrialised countries and at least one malaria death is to be expected in Slovenia each year (A. Trampuž). The prevention of malaria is an important public health issue and certain simple precautions such as protection from mosquito bites with DEET-containing repellents and spraying of clothing and bed nets with permethrin can markedly reduce the risk for travellers. Depending on the region of travel, chemosuppression or stand-by emergency self-treatment need to be discussed with the traveller. When dealing with an acutely ill person, it is of paramount importance to consider malaria by talking an exposure history (travel, residence close to airport, i.v. drug use, recent blood transfusion, parasitemia during pregnancy) and to be aware that falciparum malaria is a life-threatening emergency. Therefore, when in doubt, the patient should be hospitalised immediately and in case of malaria he or she should receive prompt treatment.
Summary     Širom po svetu se s povzročiteljem malarije letno okuži okoli 500 milijonov ljudi in do 2.5 milijonov od njih zaradi malarije umre. V letu 1998 je bilo na Kliniki za infekcijske bolezni in vročinska stanja, Klinični center v Ljubljani, zdravljenih 9 bolnikov z malarijo. Letno zboli za malarijo v Sloveniji verjetno okoli 20 ljudi (A. Trampuž). Preprečevanje malarije je pomembno področje preventivne medicine. Z nekaterimi enostavnimi ukrepi, kot so zaščita pred piki komarjev z repelenti, ki vsebujejo DEET ter nanašanje permetina na obleke in zaščitne mreže proti komarjem, znatno zmanjšajo tveganje za pojav malarije. Odvisno od cilja potovanja se je s popotnikom potrebno pogovoritit o različnih možnostih protimalarične zaščite. Svetujemo mu, da bodisi profilaktično jemlje protimalarike ali s seboj vzame rezervna stand-by zdravila v primeru pojava bolezni. Pri akutno zbolelih moramo pomisliti na možnost malarije in dobiti natančne podatke o morebitni izpostavljenosti njenim povzročiteljem (potovanja, zadrževanje v bližini letališč, intravensko jemanje drog, nenavadna transfuzija krvi, parazitemija v nosečnosti). Upoštevati je potrebno tudi dejstvo, da je falciparum malarija nujno in življenje ogrožujoče bolezensko stanje. Iz tega razloga je v dvomljivih primerih takšnega bolnika potrebno sprejeti v bolnišnico in ugotovljeno malarijo takoj pričeti zdraviti.
Descriptors     MALARIA
CHEMOPREVENTION
ANTIMALARIALS