Author/Editor		Kraigher, A
Title		Cepljenje v Sloveniji
Translated title		Immunization in Slovenia
Type		članek
Source		Slov Pediatr
Vol. and No.		Letnik 7, št. Suppl 1
Publication year		2000
Volume		str. 44-8
Language		slo
Abstract		A reduction of the incidence and lethality of communicable diseases after the introduction of vaccines is evident and some infectious diseases are now being eliminated or even eradicated. The term immunization does not mean only the application of vaccines but all the necessary work for implementation, providing and evaluation. The most important for a successful immunization programme is data on the target population and a well co-ordinated immunization schedule based on knowledge of both epidemiology of diseases and the immune response of vaccinated individuals and the target group. An expanded immunization programme needs a proper organizational infrastructure including medical staff, immunogenic and safe vaccines of high quality and an adequate surveillance data. The vaccination is provided by nominated paediatricians, school and public health physicians in the public and private sector respecting good clinical practice. The immunization programme is provided continuously and co-ordinated by regional and national co-ordinators. During vaccine storage and distribution, centrally provided by the National Institute of Public Health, good storage practice and cold chain are fully respected. The Central Population Register distributes the data on the target population. Immunization surveillance and evaluation is supported by hardware and software that assure rapid data exchange and allow permanent surveillance of immunization activities on every level by age groups. Adequate data on vaccination and adverse events following immunization are permanently available, which helps to evaluate the vaccination impact and monitor trends in vaccination. However, our national immunization policy is jeopardized by barriers that interfere with its implementation including insuficient public awareness, inadequate documentation of immunizations received, missed opportunities for immunization.
Summary		Cilj cepljenja je, da s cepljenjem ciljne skupine vzpostavimo kolektivno odpornost za bolezni v populaciji in s tem preprečimo širjenje povzročiteljev med prebivalstvom ali pa bolezen celo povsem odpravimo. Program cepljenja v širšem pomenu obsega aplikacijo cepiva, spremljanje cepljenja in stranskih pojavov po cepljenju, ocenjevanje cepljenja ter preučevanje vplivov na zdravstveno stanje prebivalstva. Vse to zahteva koordinirano delovanje izvajalcev in zbiranje podatkov za oceno stanja in prognozo ter oblikovanje potrebnih preventivnih ukrepov. Sedanji način upravljanja cepljenja, ki je bolj ali manj navidezno razpršeno in porazdeljeno med imenovane izvajalce, podpira enoten informacijski sistem, ki cepilni ekipi olajša delo in vodenje evidenc ter omogoča stalno dostopnost podatkov o cepljenju. Zelo je pomembno, da s sistematičnim cepljenjem nadaljujemo tudi potem, ko bolezni ne registriramo več, saj je večina povzročiteljev bolezni še vedno prisotnih pri človeku, živalih ali v okolju. V primeru prekinitve cepljenja bi se hitro znižala kolektivna imunost, zato bi se bolezni lahko ponovno razširile. Da bi rezultate cepljenja še izboljšali, je treba nenehno skrbeti za prosvetljevanje ljudi in pogosto prikazovati rezultate cepljenja ter drugih strokovnih spoznanj glede potrebnosti cepljenja in se spopasti s problemom odklanjanja cepljenja.
Descriptors		COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL VACCINATION IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE CHILD SLOVENIA