Author/Editor		Hribar-Habinc, Miša; Gradišek, Primož
Title		Kdaj napačno ocenimo izgubo cirkulirajočega volumna v zgodnji fazi šoka?
Translated title		Pitfalls in early recogniton of trauma-induced acute hemorrhagic shock
Type		članek
Source		In: Bručan A, Gričar M, editors. Urgentna medicina: izbrana poglavja 6. Zbornik 7. mednarodni simpozij o urgentni medicini; 2000 jun 14-17; Portorož. Ljubljana: Slovensko združenje za urgentno medicino,
Publication year		2000
Volume		str. 87-92
Language		slo
Abstract		Authors emphasise that common clinical signs (blood pressure, heart rate, shock index) are misleading in early recognition of hemorrhagic shock. Incorrect assessment of volume loss is particularly frequent in children, adolescents, athletes, elderly and pregnant women. Modified hemodynamic response is present in subjects on therapy with beta-blockers, antidepressants or implantable pacemaker. Volume loss is underestimated during acute alcohol intoxication and drug abuse, while in hypothermic states overestimated. In addition, this phenomenon occurs also in patients who sustained major trauma (blunt abdominal trauma, major head trauma, pelvic retroperitoneal haematoma, extensive muscular trauma). More subtle clinical signs of shock are the presence of postural tachycardia and hypotensfon, altered ocular pressure, piloerection and changes in mental status. In the treatment of trauma patients is essential to look for stated clinical signs of shock and to act accordingly.
Descriptors		WOUNDS AND INJURIES SHOCK, HEMORRHAGIC BLOOD VOLUME DETERMINATION HYPOTENSION TACHYCARDIA PILOERECTION MENTAL DISORDERS ATHLETIC INJURIES PREGNANCY AGE FACTORS ALCOHOLISM HYPOTHERMIA