Author/Editor     Sekulić, Damjana
Title     Opredelitev akustičnih pogojev osnovnih šol z vidika sprejema zvoka oseb z motnjo sluha
Translated title     Acoustic conditions in primary schools and speech and sound perception in persons with impaired hearing
Type     članek
Source     Med Razgl
Vol. and No.     Letnik 39, št. Suppl 3
Publication year     2000
Volume     str. 361-4
Language     cro
Abstract     The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on speech and auditory acoustics and sound perception in persons with special needs, such as the deaf, persons with hearing impairment who use hearing aids and persons with cochlear implants, as well as in people with normal hearing. The research was conducted in 20 primary schools in Ljubljana and its vicinity. Measurements were performed using a Bruel & Kjaer sound level meter (SI,M) and sound level register recorder. Two measurements were taken using two filters. Even during the best conditions, almost all classrooms offer a poor acoustic environment. The rooms are large, the ceilings high and the wall surfaces hard, so the sounds are continually reflected from them, and some of the windows face busy streets or playgrounds. There is also undesired noise in the classrooms. The children are not quiet; they whisper to their neighbours and make disturbing noises with their feet, paper and books. To make matters even worse, the teacher is sometimes several metres away from the listening child and may also be turned away from them, towards the blackboard or another child. All of this can eliminate the possibility of a child being able to use lip-reading.
Summary     Prispevek želi osvetliti problematiko govorne in slušne akustike s strani sprejema zvoka tako oseb z motnjo sluha (naglušni, gluhi uporabniki slušnih aparatov in osebe s polževim vsadkom) kot tudi slišečih in se naslanja na raziskavo, ki je potekala na 20 osnovnih šolah v Ljubljani in okolici Ljubljane (na predmetni in razredni stopnji). Meritve so bile izvedene s pomočjo merilnika nivoja zvoka in registratorja nivoja zvoka firme Bruel & Kjaer, na katerem sta bili opravljeni meritvi na dveh filtrih. V najboljših pogojih je skoraj vsaka učilnica slabo akustično okolje. Sobe so velike, stropi so visoki, površina sten je trda in od njih se zvok neprestano odbija, okna lahko gledajo na prepolno cesto, ulico, igrišče. Poleg tega pa je v razredih nezaželen hrup. Otroci že sami po naravi niso tiho; šepetajo s sosedi, motijo s stopali, papirji in knjigami. Da je stvar še slabša, pa je učitelj kar nekaj metrov oddaljen od učenca, ki posluša. Lahko se tudi obrne stran od njega k tabli ali kakšnemu drugemu učencu, kar izloči tudi možnost branja z ustnic oz. odgledovanja.
Descriptors     SCHOOLS
ACOUSTICS
HEARING DISORDERS
CHILD
SPEECH PERCEPTION
NOISE
FACILITY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION