Author/Editor		Jankovič, N; Dadić, Ž; Mijatović, I; Katalenić, M; Turek, S
Title		Quality of water and water purification systems
Type		članek
Source		In: Lindič J, Kaplan-Pavlovčič S, editors. Zbornik prispevkov 1. slovenski nefrološki kongres z mednarodno udeležbo; 1996 okt 23-26; Portorož. Ljubljana: Klinični center, Nefrološka klinika,
Publication year		2000
Volume		str. 265-70
Language		eng
Abstract		In the early years of chronic hemodialysis, water used for dialysis was rarely treated. Due to longer surveillance of patients on hemodialysis the nephrologists have become increasingly aware of acute and chronic problems resulting from exposure to untreated water. Many contaminants must be removed not only to protect patients but also to control costs. Initially, complete examination was made of the water systems as it was currently being used in order to determine which equipment should be retained and which needed to be refurbished or replaced. For quality control of purified water the guidelines of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) were used. The most (91.5%) of existing 34 chronic facility stations in 26 Croatian cities for city water purification used softener with a brine tank, two carbon tanks and one (15%) or two (76%) reverse osmosis units. Deionization polishing with cation, anion and two mix beds was used in one center (2.8%), and two centers (5.7%) had only water softener. Following the safe contamination levels for dialysis water we found that only in 4 (12%) centers water meet the standards. In 16 (47%) centers it was slightly deviated, in 8 (24%) the quality of water was poor and in 6 (17%) it was very poor water for hemodialysis. Only in one center we found elevated aluminium levels in dialysate water (125 (g/L).
Descriptors		HEMODIALYSIS WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL WATER PURIFICATION HEMODIALYSIS SOLUTIONS CROATIA