Author/Editor		Tomažič, Janez
Title		Imunski odzivi pri HIV-/aids-okužb
Translated title		Immune responses in HIV/AIDS infections
Type		članek
Source		Med Razgl
Vol. and No.		Letnik 39, št. Suppl 4
Publication year		2000
Volume		str. 119-26
Language		slo
Abstract		Aids is a condition resulting from chronic infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in which the damage to the immune system leaves the host increasingly vulnerable to opportunistic infections and malignancies. The characteristic deficit in HIV infection and aids is a progressive decline in the number and activity of CD4+ cells (T helper cells), which are required to generate and sustain an immune response to HIV and other pathogens. Immune response to HIV appears shortly after primary infection. The production of HIV specific antibodies is one of the first signs of infection (seroconversion). Cell-mediated response (an immune response based on the activation of antigen-spcific T cells) is a critical compo- nent of the body's defense aginst HIV. Components of cell-mediated immunity include activation of HIV-specific CDB+ cells (cytotoxic T cells), lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of cytokines and chemokines. The decline in cell-mediated immunity during HIV infection is associated with progression of aids. lmpact of antiretrovirals on immune reconstitution and the need of immune-based therapy are also presented.
Summary		Aids je kronična okužba, ki jo povzroča virus človeške imunske pomanjkljivosti (HIV), pri kateri pride do okvare imunskega odziva in posledične dovzetnosti človeškega organizma za oportunistične okužbe in rakave bolezni. Pri okužbi s HIV in pri aidsu pride do postopnega znižanja koncentracije in aktivnosti celic CD4+ (celice T pomagalke), ki so potrebne za nastanek in vzdrževanje imunskega odziva na HIV in na druge mikroorganizme. Imunski odziv na HIV se pojavi kmalu po primarni okužbi. Pojav protiteles proti HIV je eden prvih znakov okužbe (serokonverzija). Celično posredovani imunski odziv (imunski odziv, ki nastane pri aktivaciji za antigen specifičnih celic T) je ključna komponenta obrambe človeškega organizma proti HIV. Pri tem pride do aktivacije za HIV specifičnih celic CDB+ (citotoksične celice T), proliferacije limfocitov in izločanja citokinov in kemokinov. Oslabitev celično posredovanega imunskega odziva med HIV-okužbo je povezana z napredovanjem HIV-bolezni v aids. V prispevku je prikazan tudi vpliv protiretrovirusnih zdravil na obnovo imunskega sistema ter potreba po zdravilih, ki delujejo neposredno na imunski odziv.
Descriptors		HIV INFECTIONS IMMUNITY, CELLULAR CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT CYTOKINES ANTIVIRAL AGENTS