Author/Editor		Podnar, Simon; Vodušek, David B; Stalberg, Erik
Title		Standardization of anal sphincter electromyography: normative data
Type		članek
Source		Clin Neurophysiol
Vol. and No.		Letnik 111
Publication year		2000
Volume		str. 2200-7
Language		eng
Abstract		Objectives. Electromyography (EMG) of the external anal sphincter (EAS) is important in the evaluation of conus/cauda lesions, the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism and anal incoentinence. The aim of our study was to establish normative data in a sufficiently large group of healthy subjevts, using a rigorously standardized examination technique. Methods. Sixty-four subjects (aged 19-83 years) without pelvic or neurological disorders were included. Motor unit potentials (MUPs/interfernece pattern (IP) samples were obtained from the EAS using multi-MUP and turn/amplitude analyses, respectively. The effect of age, gender. parity, and constipation on MUP/IP parameters was studied. For MUP parameters the lower/upper limits for mean values, and "outlier" limits, and for IP parameters normal "clouds" were calculated. Results. From 112 muscles 15-30 MUPs were sampled. As no effect of evaluated factors on mean values could be demonstrated, common reference values were calculated. Lower/hogher limits for mean values were: amplitude 148/661 microV, duration 3..2/7.8 ms, area 87/625 microV ms, and number of phases 2.3/3.7. "Outliner" limits for individual MUPs were: amplitude 84/1315 microV, duration 1.6/13.8 ms, area 46/1222 mikroV ms, number of phases 2/6. From 95 muscles 2706 IP samples were obtained. Consluions. The presented normative data should allow valid qualtitative EMG of the EAS muscle in patients.
Descriptors		ANUS ELECTROMYOGRAPHY REFERENCE VALUES ACTION POTENTIALS CONSTIPATION SEX FACTORS AGE FACTORS PELVIC FLOOR