Author/Editor		Raymond, Josette; Aujard, Yannick; Čižman, Milan; Grosek, Štefan
Title		Nosocomial infections in pediatric patients: a European, multicenter prospective study
Type		članek
Source		Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
Vol. and No.		Letnik 21, št. 4
Publication year		2000
Volume		str. 260-3
Language		eng
Abstract		Objectives: To determine the site and bacterial epidemiology of nosocomial infections (NIs) in children. Desing: 6-month prospective study with periodic chart review during hospitalization using a uniform prospective questionnaire in each unit, analyzed at a coordinating center. Setting: 20 units in eight European countries: 5 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), 7 neonatal units, 2 hematology-oncology units, 8 general pediatric units. Participants: All children hospitalized during the study period with an NI according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Results: The overall incidence of NI was 2.5%, ranging from 1% in general pediatric units to 23.6% in PICUs. Bacteria were responsible for 68% (gram-negative bacilli, 37%; gram-positive cocci, 31%), Candida for 9%, and viruses for 22% of cases. The proportion of lower respiratory tract infections was 13% in general pediatric units and 53% in PICUs. Bloodstream infections were most frequent in neonatal units (71% of NIs) and were associated with a central venous catheter in 66% of cases. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was the main pathogen. Eleven percent of NI were urinary tract infections. Gastrointestinal infections were most commonly viral and accounted for 76% of NIs in general pediatric units. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance depended on the type of unit. The highest rates were observed in PICUs: 26.3% of Staphylococcus aureus and 89% of CNS were methicillin-resistant, and 37.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae had an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Mortality due to NI was 10% in PICUs and 17% in neonatal units.Coclusions: We found large differences in NI frequency and microbial epidemiology in this European study.Viruses were the main pathogens in general pediatrics units. Catheter-related sepsis and CNS were frequent in newborns. (Abstract truncated at 2000 characters).
Descriptors		CROSS INFECTION INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, PEDIATRIC CHILD DATA COLLECTION DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES, HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT REUSE EUROPE INCIDENCE PROSPECTIVE STUDIES PREVALENCE POPULATION SURVEILLANCE