Author/Editor		Vokač, Damijan
Title		Dejavniki tveganja za aterosklerozo
Translated title		Risk factors for atherosclerosis
Type		članek
Source		In: Hojs R, Krajnc I, Pahor A, editors. Zbornik predavanj in praktikum 12. srečanje internistov in zdravnikov splošne medicine Iz prakse za prakso z mednarodno udeležbo; 2001 maj 11-12; Maribor. Maribor: Splošna bolnišnica Maribor,
Publication year		2001
Volume		str. 59-72
Language		slo
Abstract		Atherosclerosis is a clinical condition that depends on several factors associated with the disease and known as risk factors. Mayor risk factors: Hyperlipidaemia is a strong predictor of coronary disease. Numerous clinical studies have shown the benefit of cholesterol lowering. Arterial hypertension is an independent risk factor for: coronary artery disease morbidity and mortality. Smoking is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease and the cessation of smoking is associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk. Obesity, in particular the central type, is associated with an increase in cardiovascular mortality. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in women. Additional risk factors: Postmenopausal condition is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease, particularly in cases of premature menopause. Hormone replacement therapy significantly improves survival. Hyperhomocysteinaemia increases the risk of coronary artery, cerebral and peripheral vascular diseases. The administration of folate, vitamin B6 and B12 is useful in preventing this risk. It has been confirmed by several clinical studies that physical activity is important in lowering the risk factors for coronary artery disease. ACE gene polymorphism and III-a moiety gene polymorphism of the platelet fibrinogen receptor present a correlation between coronary artery disease and genetic factors. Some clotting factors, fibrinogen and factor Vll, and fibrinolytic factors (t-PA and PAI-1) are associated with an increased risk of ischemic events. A low fibrinogen is associated with a low risk of events. Conclusion: Primary prevention is based on the reduction of mayor risk factors and secondary on more aggressive blood pressure reduction in hypertensives, good metabolic control of diabetes, and cholesterol reduction. Aspirin, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and oral anticoagulants are useful.
Descriptors		ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK FACTORS HYPERTENSION SMOKING OBESITY DIABETES MELLITUS POSTMENOPAUSE HOMOCYSTEINE ALCOHOL DRINKING BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS HYPERLIPIDEMIA